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71.
There is growing evidence that a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) moderates the impact of negative life events (e.g., childhood abuse) on the development of depression. However, it is unclear whether the gene x environment interaction predicts suicide attempts specifically. In addition, previous studies have not examined different forms of childhood abuse separately. In the current study, we found that 5-HTTLPR genotype moderated the link between childhood physical and sexual, but not emotional, abuse and adult psychiatric inpatients' histories of suicide attempts. 相似文献
72.
Although the expectancies component of the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire has previously been shown to be factorially valid, the factor structure of its valuations component has not previously been examined. The aims of this paper were: (i) to replicate the factor structure of the expectancies items; (ii) to explore the factor structure of the valuations items; and (iii) to investigate the utility of using the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire to predict drinking behavior. The questionnaire was administered to 1004 university students along with measures of quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. Fromme, Stroot, and Kaplan's (1993) factor structure of the expectancies scales was replicated. The factor structures of the negative valuations scales were characterized by 2 rather than 3 factors. Negative expectancies improved upon the prediction of drinking quantity and frequency over-and-above positive expectancies, and valuations further improved prediction over-and-above expectancies. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Ioannis Nikolaou Ivan T. Robertson IV 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(2):161-186
This study explores the validity of the five-factor model of personality (FFM) in occupational settings in Greece, examining its relationship to employees' overall job performance, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviour, and generic work competencies. Two hundred and twenty-seven employees from various Greek SMEs participated in the study completing a personality and a job satisfaction measure. Their supervisors completed three questionnaires assessing their performance and their work competencies. Some of the most significant results of this study were the strong links identified between personality and job satisfaction and the moderating effect of job type on the criterion-related validity of some personality dimensions. These results are discussed in terms of the FFM literature taking into consideration the strong effect of Greek culture. The theoretical and practical implications for research and practice in Greece are also discussed. 相似文献
74.
Ivan V. Ivanov 《Metaphilosophy》2023,54(5):697-716
This paper makes explicit the basic problem perfect hallucinations pose for perceptual naive realists, more fundamental than the well-trodden Screening-off Problem. The deeper problem offers the basis for an overarching classification of the available naive- realist-friendly approaches to perfect hallucinations. In the course of laying out the challenges to the different types of response, the paper makes a case for the superiority of a particular approach to perfect hallucinations, on which they would be understood as a special kind of perceptual anomaly—arising from a secondary mode of perceptual processing. 相似文献
75.
76.
The present research investigates whether Openness to Experience and Boundaries in the mind are related to conservatism. In the first study, significant relationships between several scales of the Boundaries in the mind questionnaire and indicators of conservative beliefs were obtained in an adult sample (N=78) as well as in a sample of political party activists (N=44). In the second study, these negative relationships between conservatism and thin boundaries were replicated in an adult sample (N=225). Moreover, two dimensions representing Boundaries in the mind were identified, one positively related to Openness to Experience and negatively to conservatism and the second showing high positive correlations with Neuroticism. The exceptionally strong correlations between conservatism and the Boundaries in the mind facet scales Opinions about organizations, Opinions about beauty, truth, Edges, lines, clothing and Opinions about peoples, nations, groups are discussed, as well as the weak relationships between economic conservatism and Openness to Experience. 相似文献
77.
In this paper, we apply sequential one-sided confidence interval estimation procedures with β-protection to adaptive mastery
testing. The procedures of fixed-width and fixed proportional accuracy confidence interval estimation can be viewed as extensions
of one-sided confidence interval procedures. It can be shown that the adaptive mastery testing procedure based on a one-sided
confidence interval with β-protection is more efficient in terms of test length than a testing procedure based on a two-sided/fixed-width
confidence interval. Some simulation studies applying the one-sided confidence interval procedure and its extensions mentioned
above to adaptive mastery testing are conducted. For the purpose of comparison, we also have a numerical study of adaptive
mastery testing based on Wald's sequential probability ratio test. The comparison of their performances is based on the correct
classification probability, averages of test length, as well as the width of the “indifference regions.” From these empirical
results, we found that applying the one-sided confidence interval procedure to adaptive mastery testing is very promising. 相似文献
78.
Irwin SA Christmon CA Grossman AW Galvez R Kim SH DeGrush BJ Weiler IJ Greenough WT 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2005,83(3):180-187
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which is absent in fragile X syndrome, is synthesized in vitro in response to neurotransmitter activation. Humans and mice lacking FMRP exhibit abnormal dendritic spine development, suggesting that this protein plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated increased FMRP immunoreactivity in visual cortex of rats exposed to complex environments (EC) and in motor cortex of rats trained on motor-skill tasks compared with animals reared individually in standard laboratory housing (IC). Here, we use immunohistochemistry to extend those findings by investigating FMRP levels in visual cortex and hippocampal dentate gyrus of animals exposed to EC or IC. Rats exposed to EC for 20 days exhibited increased FMRP immunoreactivity in visual cortex compared with animals housed in standard laboratory caging. In the dentate gyrus, animals exposed to EC for 20 days had higher FMRP levels than animals exposed to EC for 5 or 10 days. In light of possible antibody crossreactivity with closely related proteins FXR1P and FXR2P, FMRP immunoreactivity in the posterior-dorsal one-third of cerebral cortex was also examined by Western blotting following 20 days of EC exposure. FMRP levels were greater in EC animals, whereas levels of FXR1P and FXR2P were unaffected by experience. These results provide further evidence for behaviorally induced alteration of FMRP expression in contrast to its homologues, extend previous findings suggesting regulation of its expression by synaptic activity, and support the theories associating FMRP expression with alteration of synaptic structure both in development and later in the life-cycle. 相似文献
79.
Rats were trained in a one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task at the age of 3 months and tested for retention 1 day later, or 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 19 months later, i.e., when the animals were 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 22 months of age. Retrieval performance declined with time and was undetectable in the last two age groups. Exposure to an unrelated novel environment (a square box lined with black plastic) 1 h before retention testing enhanced retrieval at all ages, regardless of the decline in the level of test session performance. The effect cannot be explained by an anxiogenic effect of the novelty box, or by an influence of novelty on locomotion or exploration, or by a nonspecific influence of exposure to novelty on step-down latency in the inhibitory avoidance apparatus. 相似文献
80.
The history of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) provides a microcosm in which to explore the larger ramifications of historical
citations in biomedical publications. Though some historical references such as Biblical writings may hint at a rudimentary
understanding of the relationship between maternal drinking and fetal development, no definitive case can be made for an understanding
of FAS dating back hundreds of years. Authors who claim an impressive history for FAS misrepresent that history. The modern
history of FAS raises a question concerning citations of original discoveries. The first paper describing ethanol-induced
damage to the fetus appeared in 1968 yet most researchers cite one of two papers from 1973. Both ancient citations and modern
references to original discoveries pose difficult questions for the scientist. Both dilemmas may be solved by a better reading
of the literature and a more judicious wording when writing about history.
This work was supported in part by Grant # AA10681 to SNP. 相似文献