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71.
72.
Paul T. Costa Jr. Martina Hr̆ebíc̆ková Tomás̆ Urbánek Thomas A. Martin Valery E. Oryol Alexey A. Rukavishnikov Ivan G. Senin 《欧洲人格杂志》2004,18(2):143-157
Using self‐report measures, longitudinal studies in the US and cross‐sectional studies from many cultures suggest that the broad factors of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience decline from adolescence to adulthood, whereas Agreeableness and Conscientiousness increase. Data are inconsistent on the rate of change during adulthood, and on the generalizability of self‐report findings to informant ratings. We analysed cross‐sectional data from self‐reports and informant ratings on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory in Czech (N = 705) and Russian (N = 800) samples. Some curvilinear effects were found, chiefly in the Czech sample; informant data generally replicated self‐reports, although the effects were weaker. Although many of the details are not yet clear, there appear to be pan‐cultural trends in personality development that are consistent with the hypothesis of intrinsic maturation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
73.
Taverniers J Smeets T Lo Bue S Syroit J Van Ruysseveldt J Pattyn N von Grumbkow J 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(3):332-343
The present field experiment examined how multi-trial visuo-spatial learning and memory performance are impacted by excessive
arousal, instigated by a potentially life-threatening event (i.e., a first parachute jump). Throughout a parachute training
activity, subjective and neuroendocrine (i.e., cortisol) stress levels were assessed of 61 male military cadets who were randomly
assigned to a control (n = 30) or a jump stress condition (n = 31). Post-stress learning and memory capacity was assessed with a 10-trial path-learning task that permitted emergence
of learning curves. Pre-activity cortisol concentrations indicated a significant neuroendocrine anticipatory stress response
in the stress group. Following parachuting, subjective stress levels and salivary cortisol reactivity differed significantly
between groups. Visuo-spatial path-learning performance was impaired significantly after jump stress exposure, relative to
the control group. Moreover, examination of the learning curves showed similar learning and memory performance at onset of
the trials, with curves bifurcating as the task became more complex. These findings are in accordance with leading theories
that acknowledge a moderating effect of task complexity. In sum, the present study extends knowledge concerning anticipatory
stress effects, endogenously instigated cortisol reactivity, and the influence of extreme arousal on visuo-spatial path learning. 相似文献
74.
75.
Johnson SL Cuellar AK Cueller AK Ruggero C Winett-Perlman C Goodnick P White R Miller I 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2008,117(2):268-277
To date, few prospective studies of life events and bipolar disorder are available, and even fewer have separately examined the role of life events in depression and mania. The goal of this study was to prospectively examine the role of negative and goal-attainment life events as predictors of the course of bipolar disorder. One hundred twenty-five individuals with bipolar I disorder were interviewed monthly for an average of 27 months. Negative and goal-attainment life events were assessed with the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Changes in symptoms were evaluated using the Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale. The clearest results were obtained for goal-attainment life events, which predicted increases in manic symptoms over time. Negative life events predicted increases in depressive symptoms within regression models but were not predictive within multilevel modeling of changes in depressive symptoms. Given different patterns for goal attainment and negative life events, it appears important to consider specific forms of life events in models of bipolar disorder. 相似文献
76.
Maladaptive personality traits and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: the moderating effect of parenting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
De Clercq B Van Leeuwen K De Fruyt F Van Hiel A Mervielde I 《Journal of personality》2008,76(2):357-383
This study examines child and adolescent psychopathology from a maladaptive trait perspective, incorporating both parental and child ratings of parenting as a moderator of the personality-psychopathology association. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were conducted on a combined sample of referred and nonreferred children and adolescents (N=862, parental ratings of parenting and N=396, child ratings of parenting). The results indicated positive main effects of maladaptive traits on externalizing and internalizing problems, and positive main effects of parental negative control on externalizing problems. Significant interactions were found for Disagreeableness and Emotional Instability with parental Negative Control and for Disagreeableness x Positive Parenting in explaining externalizing problems. The discussion focuses on the contribution of these findings to a better understanding of the trait-psychopathology relationship at young age. 相似文献
77.
The Character-Component Analysis Toolkit (C-CAT) software was designed to assist researchers in constructing experimental
materials using traditional Chinese characters. The software package contains two sets of character stocks: one suitable for
research using literate adults as subjects and one suitable for research using schoolchildren as subjects. The software can
identify linguistic properties, such as the number of strokes contained, the character-component pronunciation regularity,
and the arrangement of character components within a character. Moreover, it can compute a character’s linguistic frequency,
neighborhood size, and phonetic validity with respect to a user-selected character stock. It can also search the selected
character stock for similar characters or for character components with user-specified linguistic properties. 相似文献
78.
79.
Lo?c Lemoine Kjerstin Torre Delignières Didier 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2006,60(4):247-257
A number of recent papers have suggested that the series of time intervals produced in continuation tapping may have fractal properties. This proposition, nevertheless, was only based on the visual appraisal of graphical results, and was not statistically supported. In the present study, we applied the ARMA/ARFIMA modeling procedures proposed by Wagenmakers, Farrell, and Ratcliff (2005) to test for the presence of long-range dependencies in continuation tapping data. Our results demonstrate the presence of long-range dependencies in most series and offer strong support for the hypothesis that fluctuations in tapping series are fractal in nature. 相似文献
80.
Sarah S. W. De Pauw Ivan Mervielde Karla G. Van Leeuwen 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(3):309-325
The lack of empirical research relating temperament models and personality hinders conceptual integration and holds back research
linking childhood traits to problem behavior or maladjustment. This study evaluates, within a sample of 443 preschoolers,
the relationships between children’s maladaptation and traits measured by three temperament models (Thomas and Chess, Buss
and Plomin, and Rothbart), and a Five-Factor based personality model. Adequate reliabilities and expected factor structures
are demonstrated for most scales. A joint principal component analysis combining 28 temperament and 18 personality scales
indicates a six-factor model, distinguishing Sociability, Activity, Conscientiousness, Disagreeableness, Emotionality, and
Sensitivity. Regression analyses reveal that although single temperament and personality scales explain from 23% to 37% of
problem behavior variance, the six components explain from 41% to 49% and provide a clearer differentiation among CBCL-problem
scales. This age-specific taxonomy refines and corroborates conclusions based on narrative reviews and furnishes a more balanced
view of trait–maladjustment relationships.
相似文献
Sarah S. W. De PauwEmail: |