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281.
Virginia S. Y. Kwan Priscila Diaz Sean P. Wojcik Summer H. Y. Kim Kelly A. Matula Katie Rodriguez 《Psychological studies》2011,56(1):151-158
In this paper, we review the recent literature on the debate over the value of self-enhancement. Past studies fall into two
distinct sets, each in the context of a different research tradition. The componential approach to self-enhancement integrates
these two divergent perspectives and takes seriously the interplay of self-perception and interpersonal perception. Instead
of global indices, the componential approach identifies specific components of person perception. By partitioning the components
in self-perception, the componential approach allows for better understanding of the dynamic interactive effects of self-enhancement
bias and other components in self-perception on adjustment. We conclude the paper by discussing the emerging attempts to advance
a componential approach to examine self-perception in terms of components and outcomes. 相似文献
282.
Srinivasan Venkatesan 《Psychological studies》2011,56(2):206-215
This cross-sectional survey on a sample of parent, teacher and child respondents (n = 195) elicited their perceptions on or
about the ‘reasons/causes’ for academic problems in school students. A semi-structured ‘Demographic Data Sheet’ and another
open ended exploratory ‘Causes of Academic Problems Interview Schedule’ (CAPIS) exclusively developed for this study was used.
A classification of the ‘causes’ for academic problems into four categories by two independent observers revealed preponderance
of ‘child-centered’ causes (N: 937), followed by ‘teacher-centered’ causes (N: 751), ‘parent-centered’ (N: 643) and ‘environment
centered’ causes (N: 362). Analysis of trends show significant statistical differences in reported perceptions between the
three respondents (p: < 0.04); with highest disparity between ‘teacher-centered’ causative perceptions (p: < 0.001). Concordance
rates as measured by Cohen’s Kappa Coefficient is reflected by greater agreements on or about the reasons for academic problems
between parent-teacher respondents (0.34) and least for child-teacher reports (−0.08). The results suggest an attitudinal
triangulation on or about the reasons attributed for academic problems between parents, teachers and the children. This opens
up the need for stepping up measures to de-triangulate or harmonize these varying inter personal perceptions for optimum benefit
of such children. 相似文献
283.
Alcohol use and its associated problems among university students have attracted empirical investigation by researchers and
scholars. While many of these studies have reported a very high level of alcohol consumption and highlighted the various problems
this portends, alcohol-related perceptions of this vulnerable population, which could be germane to intervention aimed at
curtailing the problem, have remained largely under-researched. This cross-sectional survey examined the use and perceptions
of alcohol by student-patrons (n = 1,705) of beer parlours or ‘joints’ in three university communities in Southwest Nigeria. Respondents were interviewed
using AUDIT, a socio-demographic prototype and an open-ended section on alcohol-related perceptions of the students. Findings
indicated that overall, 72% of the respondents perceived that alcohol is good for socializing, 68% perceived that alcohol
is good in the aspect of stress reduction, 58% believed that alcohol consumption is indicative of maturity, 36% perceived
that alcohol enhances their sexual performance while 39% perceived that alcohol serves to enhance alertness/concentration.
Results also showed that gender (β = −. 23; p < .05), paternal alcohol use (β = .36; p < .01), parental socio-economic status (β = .33; p < .01), and residential status of university of respondents (β = .21; p < .05) significantly predicted alcohol use. The study concluded that perceptions about alcohol are very germane to understanding
students’ alcohol use and should be reckoned with in designing intervention programmes. The need to adopt a ‘client-centered’
approach to the problem of student drinking behaviour was emphasized. 相似文献
284.
Pallavi Bhatnagar 《Psychological studies》2011,56(4):410-412
The cultural ethos of inevitability of pain and suffering in Geeta and Buddhism embark upon the therapeutic handling of pain
in Psychotherapies also. The paper addresses the case of 28 year old male’s struggle with pain and how counseling is helping
him with mindfulness and acceptance slowly taking over the control and avoidance as his copings with Acceptance and Commitment
Therapy. The case study is illustrated with Hay’s concept of crucial fork in the road, that is, acceptance and commitment
and control and avoidance circles. 相似文献
285.
Giovanni Maria Ruggiero Guido Veronese Marco Castiglioni Sandra Sassaroli 《Psychological studies》2011,56(4):368-372
Grandiose states of mind could be an ineffective way to cope with low self-esteem. In fact, it is possible that grandiose
fantasies would tend to induce doubts about personal worth and decrease self-esteem. This study explored whether grandiose
fantasies help to cope with low self-esteem. The self-reported occurrence and unpleasantness of intrusive thoughts regarding
the sense of exclusion, humiliation, and low self-esteem in non-clinical individuals were assessed during self-induced grandiose
fantasies and self-induced relaxation. The occurrence and unpleasantness of low self-esteem intrusions were significantly
higher during grandiose fantasies, suggesting that grandiose fantasy is ineffective at combating low self-esteem. 相似文献
286.
287.
Anindita Bhattacharya 《Psychological studies》2011,56(3):280-288
The present study explores the relationship of meaning in life with subjective well-being among a sample of young adults launching
their career. Using a qualitative approach, ten young adults were asked to share their life experiences using a semi structured
interview schedule. A grounded theory analysis revealed that happiness forms a core concern for an individual where it depends
not only on the cultural norm involving an individual where social relationships form an important part, but also goals and
aims (s) he/she wishes to achieve in life. It exists in temporality but is impacted by the larger dimension of meaning in
life which is relatively stable and covers a huge expanse of an individual’s existence. Finding a meaning in life involves
both personal goals such as self growth and attainment of peace, and also professional goals like fulfillment of one’s academic
aim. Meaning in life is also seen as being impacted by an individual’s past happenings, belief in self- worth and social responsibility. 相似文献
288.
A case report is presented providing an account of therapy process and describing the therapist’s reflection on the process
of therapy. It draws attention to the course of building hypothesis and clinical formulation, the core nucleus of any therapy.
The paper highlights the change in therapy goals in different phases of therapy with the introduction of new information.
It also underlines the fact that hypotheses in the formulation need to be constantly updated and checked against the ever
changing information as therapy progresses. The importance of single case design is invaluable in the presentation of therapy
process as it is more closer to clinical practice then group experimental design. Although attention to therapy process issues
is important and there is no dearth of clinical material in India but there are very few published studies reporting therapy
process using single case design. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to provide the account of therapy process
and to share the reflections on the process of building hypothesis & formulation. 相似文献
289.
Pulkit Sharma 《Psychological studies》2011,56(3):304-310
The role played by socio-cultural factors in psychoanalytic psychotherapy from the vantage point of both the client and the
therapist is elucidated. The position conferred upon culture throughout the history of psychoanalysis from classical to contemporary
perspectives is briefly reviewed with special reference to the practice of psychoanalysis in India. A case study having relevance
to the present theme is discussed where ignorance of factors salient to Indian culture adversely affected the outcome. Attention
is given to internal and external pressures that prompted the therapist to take the stand. It is argued that the therapist
may tread the difficult path between cultural universalism and cultural relativism rather than committing to either of them
in order to do justice to psychoanalytical clinical work. 相似文献
290.
A weighted Euclidean distance model for analyzing three-way dissimilarity data (stimuli by stimuli by subjects) for heterogeneous
subjects is proposed. First, it is shown that INDSCAL may fail to identify a common space representative of the observed data
structure in presence of heterogeneity. A new model that removes the rotational invariance of the classical multidimensional
scaling problem and specifies K common homogeneous spaces is proposed. The model, called mixture INDSCAL in K classes, or briefly K-INDSCAL, still includes individual saliencies. However, the large number of parameters in K-INDSCAL may produce instability of the estimates and therefore a parsimonious model will also be discussed. The parameters
of the model are estimated in a least-squares fitting context and an efficient coordinate descent algorithm is given. The
usefulness of K-INDSCAL is demonstrated by both artificial and real data analyses. 相似文献