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61.
Childhood Social Withdrawal,Interpersonal Impairment,and Young Adult Depression: A Mediational Model
Katz SJ Conway CC Hammen CL Brennan PA Najman JM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(8):1227-1238
Building on interpersonal theories of depression, the current study sought to explore whether early childhood social withdrawal
serves as a risk factor for depressive symptoms and diagnoses in young adulthood. The researchers hypothesized that social
impairment at age 15 would mediate the association between social withdrawal at age 5 and depression by age 20. This mediational
model was tested in a community sample of 702 Australian youth followed from mother’s pregnancy to youth age 20. Structural
equation modeling analyses found support for a model in which childhood social withdrawal predicted adolescent social impairment,
which, in turn, predicted depression in young adulthood. Additionally, gender was found to moderate the relationship between
adolescent social impairment and depression in early adulthood, with females exhibiting a stronger association between social
functioning and depression at the symptom and diagnostic level. This study illuminates one potential pathway from early developing
social difficulties to later depressive symptoms and disorders. 相似文献
62.
Lori S. Katz Sarah Douglas Kristen Zaleski Jenny Williams Cristi Huffman Geta Cojucar 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2014,44(1):9-19
This pilot study compares an emerging evidence-based treatment, holographic reprocessing (HR) to prolonged exposure (PE) versus a person-centered (PC) control group to treat symptoms of distress in female Veterans with sexual trauma. In contrast to PE, HR does not include exposure to a target event of trauma. Instead, HR focuses on healing the internal working model or type of attachment style that may form as a result of interpersonal trauma or maltreatment. The model reveals how people perceive themselves and others. These perceptions set in motion emotional, cognitive, and behavioral tendencies wherein people unconsciously replicate similar types of relationships that reinforce their worldview. Fifty-one female Veterans with sexual trauma were randomly assigned to one of three treatments and completed pre- and post-treatment measures of psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, and PTSD) and post-traumatic cognitions. ANOVAs found significant decreases on all variables. Post-hoc comparisons revealed that HR and PE treatments demonstrated significantly greater decreases in symptoms compared to the PC control group. Chi square analyses revealed that HR produced a significantly lower dropout rate 1 (6 %) compared to PE 7 (41 %) and PC 6 (35 %). These initial results are promising and further investigation of HR is warranted. 相似文献
63.
S Katz 《Perception》1987,16(4):537-542
According to Gibson's direct theory, perception is an achievement, not a process. Perceptual error, therefore, is the failure to perceive. Taken in isolation, this assertion leads to implausible consequences, but taken together with other assertions of Gibson, it may be understood, without contradiction, to mean that there is no absolute error in perception. Whether perception is successful or not is determined by the context in which the perceptual act occurs. 相似文献
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Paulo César Morales Mayer Marcus Bentes de Carvalho Neto Jonathan L. Katz 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2018,109(2):365-379
The present study examined punishment of responding with histamine injection, and its potential to generate avoidance of punishment. Sprague–Dawley rats were trained under concurrent schedules in which responses on one lever (the punishment lever) produced food under a variable‐interval schedule, and under some conditions intermittent injections of histamine, which suppressed behavior. Responses on a second (avoidance) lever prevented histamine injections scheduled on the punishment lever. After stabilization of punished responding, a variable‐interval 15‐s schedule of cancellation of histamine (avoidance) was added for responding on the second/avoidance lever, without subsequent acquisition of responding on that lever. Progressive decreases in the length of the punishment variable‐interval schedule increased suppression on the punishment lever without increases in response rates on the avoidance lever. Exchanging contingencies on the levers ensured that response rates on the avoidance lever were sufficiently high to decrease the histamine injection frequency; nonetheless response rates on the avoidance lever decreased over subsequent sessions. Under no condition was responding maintained on the avoidance lever despite continued punishing effectiveness of histamine throughout. The present results suggest that avoidance conditioning is not a necessary condition for effective punishment, and confirm the importance of empirical rather than presumed categorization of behavioral effects of stimulus events. 相似文献
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