青少年父母依恋与生活满意度的关系:心理素质的中介作用

采用青少年父母依恋问卷、中学生心理素质问卷(简化版)和生活满意度量表在中国七个省(市)调查1953名初一至高三的学生,通过结构方程模型和bootstrap法考察青少年父亲依恋和母亲依恋对生活满意度的影响及其差异以及心理素质的中介作用。结果表明:(1)青少年父亲依恋、母亲依恋、心理素质和生活满意度之间两两显著正相关。(2)控制性别和学段后,心理素质在父亲依恋、母亲依恋与生活满意度间起部分中介作用。(3)父亲依恋和母亲依恋对生活满意度的影响无显著差异。     

心理素质对高中艺体生应对方式的影响:多重中介效应分析

该研究以423名高中艺体生为被试,采用问卷法考察了元认知和情绪智力在心理素质与应对方式间的多重中介作用,结果表明:(1)元认知和情绪智力分别在心理素质与问题解决、求助的应对方式间起多重中介作用;(2)情绪智力在心理素质与退避应对间起完全中介作用;(3)相较于情绪智力,元认知在心理素质与问题解决间的中介效应更强。     

从年级、元理解策略指数看小学生阅读说明性文本的理解监控策略

该研究旨在了解年级、元理解策略指数,理解监控策略,对阅读理解的成绩的影响。研究表明年级高,元理解策略指数高的学生多采用全局语境的监控策略,成绩较好;年级低,元理解策略指数低的学生多采用局部语境的监控策略,成绩较差。     

公共伦理与公共秩序 ——基于当前政府行政伦理状况的理论思考

现代社会公共秩序的核心是个体自由,而其价值表现则是公民伦理。我国公民伦理思想的历史积累并不丰厚,与此相关的公民社会亦不成熟,因而现实公共秩序及其规则的形成主要依靠传统习俗与权力意志,这导致现代公民伦理成长的孱弱性和漫长性。在现阶段,消费政治欲望的增长给公共秩序的结构转型带来了双重任务:社会重建与权力重建,两者并无先后轻重之分,只有如何应对之别。     

Culturally adapted versus standard exposure treatment for phobic Asian Americans: Treatment efficacy, moderators, and predictors

This study is a 6-month follow-up of a randomized pilot evaluation of standard one-session treatment (OST-S) versus culturally adapted OST (OST-CA) with phobic Asian Americans. OST-CA included seven cultural adaptations drawn from prior research with East Asians and Asian Americans. Results from 1-week and 6-month follow-up show that both OST-S and OST-CA were effective at reducing phobic symptoms compared with self-help control. Moreover, OST-CA was superior to OST-S for several outcomes. For catastrophic thinking and general fear, moderator analyses indicated that low-acculturation Asian Americans benefitted more from OST-CA than OST-S, whereas both treatments were equally effective for high-acculturation participants. Although cultural process factors (e.g., facilitating emotional control, exploiting the vertical therapist-client relationship) and working alliance were predictive of positive outcomes, they did not mediate treatment effects. This study offers a potential model for evaluating cultural adaptation effects, as well as the mechanisms that account for such effects.     

Heart rate responses to induced challenge situations in greylag geese (Anser anser)

Adequate short-term responses to stressors are of great importance for the health and well-being of individuals and factors modulating the physiological stress response (e.g., controllability, suddenness, familiarity) of a stimulus are well described under laboratory conditions. In the present study we aimed at investigating the stress response in greylag geese (Anser anser) in the field, confronting individuals with naturally occurring stressors. We measured beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) via fully implanted transmitters during three different experimental challenges: (1) catching and holding, (2) confrontation with a model predator, and (3) approach by different humans. We compared this to a control period and HR during agonistic encounters, a naturally occurring stressor. All three experimental situations evoked a HR increase. Highest HR responses were elicited by catching and holding the animals. In the third experiment, HR responses were greatest when the geese were approached by a human stranger (i.e., somebody the geese have never seen before). Hence, geese discriminated between different kinds of stressors and adjusted their physiological response depending on the type of stressor. Our results show that geese were able to discriminate between individual humans. In line with a number of lab studies, we suggest that particularly the controllability of certain situation determines the intensity of the HR response, also in a natural setting in the field.     

Parenting in moderation: family routine moderates the relation between school disengagement and delinquent behaviors among African American adolescents

To address gaps in the literature regarding the role of family routine on school disengagement and delinquent behaviors, we tested whether family routine moderated relations between school disengagement and delinquent behaviors in an urban, low socioeconomic status (SES), African American sample of adolescents (N = 204, 48% male). Adolescents reported on school disengagement and delinquent behaviors. Family routine was assessed with mother report. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the independent and interactive effects of school disengagement and family routine on delinquent behaviors. After controlling for adolescent and mother age, marital status, and employment, school disengagement was independently associated with delinquent behaviors. Family routine was found to moderate school disengagement. Specifically, among adolescents exhibiting higher levels of school disengagement, lower levels of family routine were associated with higher levels of delinquent behaviors; however, higher levels of family routine were not associated with lower levels of delinquent behaviors. Findings suggest that lower levels of routine may be a particularly salient risk factor of delinquent behaviors among African American adolescents experiencing higher levels of school disengagement in low SES, urban communities.     

从概念界定角度看控制感研究中的问题

在目前关于“控制感”的研究中,概念界定一直是困扰许多研究者的问题。研究从控制源、自我效能感两个概念出发,阐述控制感概念与两者之间存在区别,包含更多的内容,提出控制感概念界定可以从方向和强度上予以考虑,并将控制感定义为：个体相信自己能够影响事件地进行而获得所期望结果的程度,而且这种影响是由个体自己而非外界的因素来决定的。概念的清晰界定对于今后控制感的测量和理论发展有着较大的益处。     

Visual pattern memory requires foraging function in the central complex of Drosophila

The role of the foraging (for) gene, which encodes a cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG), in food-search behavior in Drosophila has been intensively studied. However, its functions in other complex behaviors have not been well-characterized. Here, we show experimentally in Drosophila that the for gene is required in the operant visual learning paradigm. Visual pattern memory was normal in a natural variant rover (for(R)) but was impaired in another natural variant sitter (for(S)), which has a lower PKG level. Memory defects in for(S) flies could be rescued by either constitutive or adult-limited expression of for in the fan-shaped body. Interestingly, we showed that such rescue also occurred when for was expressed in the ellipsoid body. Additionally, expression of for in the fifth layer of the fan-shaped body restored sufficient memory for the pattern parameter "elevation" but not for "contour orientation," whereas expression of for in the ellipsoid body restored sufficient memory for both parameters. Our study defines a Drosophila model for further understanding the role of cGMP-PKG signaling in associative learning/memory and the neural circuit underlying this for-dependent visual pattern memory.     

员工工作压力感问卷的初步编制

通过访谈和文献阅读,编制中国员工工作压力感问卷,为企业提供简便的了解员工压力的工具。在两家企业中的293名员工中进行问卷调查,同时要求被试完成工作压力调查问卷、职业紧张量表和自我效能测验。结果表明,有16个项目符合测量学要求;问卷的内部一致性信度α系数为0.8260;问卷有较好的效标关联效度,员工工作压力感得分与工作压力调查问卷和职业紧张量表得分呈显著正相关,与自我效能分数呈显著负相关;探索性因素分析显示问卷包含三个主要因子。