An Approach‐Inhibition Model of Employee Silence: The Joint Effects of Personal Sense of Power and Target Openness

When employees consciously withhold potentially important suggestions or concerns from those who may be able to act on that information, it can have serious implications for organizational performance. Yet there is research suggesting that, when faced with the choice of whether or not to raise an issue, employees often choose to remain silent. Our objective in this paper is to expand current theoretical understanding of why employees often remain silent and of situational factors that can lessen this tendency. Drawing on the approach‐inhibition theory of power, we argue that an employee's personal sense that he or she is lacking in power in relation to others at work is a key factor contributing to the decision to remain silent but that this effect is moderated by perceived target openness. We took a multimethod approach, testing these relationships across 3 studies: a laboratory experiment, a survey study of healthcare workers, and a survey study of employees working across a wide range of industries. Our findings suggest that, although silence is indeed rooted in the psychological experience of powerlessness, perceived target openness mitigates this relationship, encouraging employee to speak up when they would not otherwise do so.     

How Do Employees Construe Their Career Success: An improved measure of subjective career success

Subjective career success has long been of interest to scholars because of its importance in the career area. However, the subjective career success literature suffers from the lack of measurement. To fill this void, after reviewing the limitations of the existing instruments, the current study developed a three‐dimensional scale of subjective career success based on the framework of Zhou et al. Three independent studies were conducted using three separate samples (N = 244; N = 411; N = 254) in China to examine the reliability and validity of the developmental scale. The results provided evidence of internal homogeneity, structural validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity of the developed scale. To conclude the study, the limitations of the article and implications for future study were discussed.     

患者的诊治期望值与医患矛盾的关系研究

从患者视角来探索医患矛盾发生的原因,寻找一种有效的医患沟通方法。研究认为医患矛盾的核心问题是患者对诊治期望值的不满意,通过构建以患者诊治期望值为主体的医患沟通方法,发现医生和患者之间对诊治期望值存在明显差异。医生通过对医患之间存在的差异性诊治期望值进行充分沟通,形成医患诊治期望值差异下的共识,建立互信合作的关系,最终实现医患互惠共赢。以患者诊治期望值为主体的医患沟通方法,为避免医患矛盾发生,促进和谐医患关系提供一种新的思路。

     

公共卫生监测中的伦理原则及标准

从理论上概述了各时期监测定义的演变以及相关伦理辩论,列举了公共卫生监测所引发的普遍的伦理问题及适用的主要伦理原则,揭示了临床医学和公共卫生中伦理问题的不同。人权是个人利益和集体利益的共同基础,因此,也可能是临床伦理和公共卫生伦理的共同基础。最后,依据《世界卫生组织关于公共卫生监测中伦理问题的指南》及其他文献列出多种公共卫生伦理标准,试图在实际工作中帮助评估公共卫生监测方案在伦理上的可接受性。     

“快乐骨科”的起源、发展和临床实践

矫形外科治疗的病人都是肢体畸形残疾的弱势群体,多经历了艰难的求医过程,承载着肢体残障与尊严浩劫的心灵创伤。为了给肢体残疾者创造一个好的医疗环境,提出并建立了“快乐矫形骨科病区”,包括围手术期无痛病房、医患交流科普文化墙、定期举办医患联欢等。在不断实践中,提升了医生对生命的敬畏,对现代医术的驾驭和为病人解决问题的能力。在手术治疗复杂肢体畸形残疾近4 000例中,未发生1例大的医疗冲突事件,使矫形外科病房成为肢体残疾者恢复运动功能与心灵抚慰的康复乐园。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院医护人员心理状况调查分析

为了解定点收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的医院中医护人员心理状况,从而针对性地进行心理护理,采用便利抽样法,应用《医护人员心理健康调查表》对3所定点收治新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的医院中1 266名医护人员进行问卷调查。结果显示,定点医院医护人员中,27.5%存在抑郁,26.3%存在焦虑,26.0%存在孤独。女性、已婚、传染科、发热门诊、监护室相比男性、未婚、普通门诊更容易抑郁;传染科、监护室相比普通门诊更容易焦虑。因此,医院应加强对这类群体的心理疏导和人文关怀,以减轻心理压力,提高工作效率。     

从古今医学观论昼寝与身心健康

昼寝,最早出自于《论语》的“宰予昼寝”,谓当昼而寐,即意为日间小憩。中医学非常肯定睡眠的作用, 昼寝的传统中医理论包括阴阳睡眠学说、营卫睡眠学说和神主睡眠学说。结合目前的研究证据从心理和生理两方面概述了昼寝对人体健康的影响。昼寝在心理层面能改善主观的困倦和疲劳程度,还能改善认知能力和记忆能力,提高注意力、警觉性。在生理层面,昼寝与否及昼寝时长与一些心脑血管疾病、内分泌疾病、呼吸系统疾病患病风险密切相关。研究发现昼寝对人体健康的影响存在两面性,应根据身体状态、作息习惯等因人制宜。

     

Connecting Eating Pathology with Risk for Engaging in Suicidal Behavior: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance

Individuals with eating pathology, particularly those with diagnosed eating disorders, are at high risk for suicide. It is less clear whether undiagnosed eating pathology and subsyndromal eating disorders carry the same risk and, if so, what mechanisms may explain why higher levels of eating pathology yield greater risk for engaging in suicidal behaviors. The indirect relationship between disordered eating and risk for suicidal behaviors via facets of experiential avoidance was tested using a multiple‐mediator model. The model was tested using bootstrapping estimates of indirect effects in a sample of 218 noncollege student adults (Mage = 32.33, 66.1% women) with a history of suicidal attempt and/or history of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Results revealed that disordered eating indirectly predicted risk for suicidal behaviors, distress aversion (i.e., negative attitudes or dislike of distress), and procrastination (i.e., delaying engagement with distressing activities). Results suggest that targeting experiential avoidance and helping those who have a history of engaging in suicidal behaviors and/or NSSI develop regulation strategies to use during times of distress may be of utmost importance for treatment and prevention of eating pathology.