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81.
THE CRAZINESS FOR EXTRA‐SENSORY PERCEPTION: QIGONG FEVER AND THE SCIENCE–PSEUDOSCIENCE DEBATE IN CHINA 下载免费PDF全文
From 1979 to 1999, a heated dispute over the science or pseudoscience of extraordinary power or extrasensory perception (ESP) took place in China. During these two decades, many so‐called “grandmasters” of ESP and Qigong emerged, and millions of people across the country studied with them; this was known as “Qigong Fever” or “ESP Fever.” The supporters of ESP argued that ESP existed, people could cultivate ESP through specific Qigong training, and ESP was a science; whereas the opponents of ESP denied all of these. Both sides of the dispute had many supporters. With the onset of Qigong Fever in China, some Qigong and ESP masters developed their Qigong organizations into Chinese‐style religions. Qigong Fever ended when the religions were banned by the Chinese government. The rise of Qigong Fever demonstrated that basic questions about the boundaries between science and pseudoscience were not easy to answer. Different theoretical and practical consequences resulted from different answers to these questions. 相似文献
82.
83.
Wen S. Xiao Genyue Fu Paul C. Quinn Jinliang Qin James W. Tanaka Olivier Pascalis Kang Lee 《Developmental science》2015,18(4):655-663
The present study examined whether perceptual individuation training with other‐race faces could reduce preschool children's implicit racial bias. We used an ‘angry = outgroup’ paradigm to measure Chinese children's implicit racial bias against African individuals before and after training. In Experiment 1, children between 4 and 6 years were presented with angry or happy racially ambiguous faces that were morphed between Chinese and African faces. Initially, Chinese children demonstrated implicit racial bias: they categorized happy racially ambiguous faces as own‐race (Chinese) and angry racially ambiguous faces as other‐race (African). Then, the children participated in a training session where they learned to individuate African faces. Children's implicit racial bias was significantly reduced after training relative to that before training. Experiment 2 used the same procedure as Experiment 1, except that Chinese children were trained with own‐race Chinese faces. These children did not display a significant reduction in implicit racial bias. Our results demonstrate that early implicit racial bias can be reduced by presenting children with other‐race face individuation training, and support a linkage between perceptual and social representations of face information in children. 相似文献
84.
Isabel Hernandez-Halton 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2015,75(1):76-85
The aim of this article is to revisit Ferenczi’s Clinical Diary (1932) to investigate the influence he had on Melanie Klein’s work. It starts from the position that insufficient recognition has been given to Ferenczi’s contribution to Klein’s body of work and her professional development. Her analysis with Ferenczi lasted 5 years, a relatively long analysis for the period. It explores his influence in three specific areas: the importance of raw and early emotion in the maternal bond, the importance of freedom and authenticity in the analytic relationship, and finally the use of transference and countertransference feelings. Ferenczi’s ill-fated experiment with mutual analysis will be discussed as it opened up a route to explore the analytic relationship, with important consequences for the future development of psychoanalysis. 相似文献
85.
86.
<正>一、《心海集》写本情况及内容《心海集》(S.3016、S.2295)是唐代流传于敦煌地区的禅诗集,也是敦煌禅宗诗偈中篇幅最为浩繁的集子。诗的主旨为劝人修道成佛,通篇语言质朴无华,写的都是如何参禅,如何精修,如何成佛。它是一部已经散佚的唐代佛教诗歌集,唐宋以来的公私书目均未著录,仅存于敦煌写本S.3016与S.2295。其作者和编纂者,亦都不可考。S.3016写本首全尾缺,双面书写,现规格为25.5×255.5cm。由六张纸粘合而成,先粘后写。正面抄写《太上元阳经第十》,有尾题,首残尾缺,正 相似文献
87.
Relations between social comparison orientation and adjustment in Chinese adolescents: Moderating effects of initial adjustment status 下载免费PDF全文
This 1‐year longitudinal study examined relations between social comparison orientation (SCO) and socioemotional adjustment and academic achievement. A sample of Grades 7 and 8 students (N = 336, initial M age = 14.08 years) in China participated in the study. Data were collected from self‐reports, peer assessments and school records. It was found that early SCO positively contributed to later academic achievement. Moreover, the relations between early SCO and later socioemotional adjustment were moderated by the initial status of adolescents. Specifically, SCO was positively associated with social competence and negatively associated with depression in initially competent and well‐adjusted adolescents, but the pattern of the associations was opposite in initially incompetent and poorly adjusted adolescents. The results indicate that whereas SCO may contribute directly to academic achievement, its contributions to socioemotional development might depend on adolescents' initial status in adjustment. 相似文献
88.
Our reduced ability to correctly report two sequentially presented targets is seen in the robust effect known as the attentional
blink (AB; Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992). One recent report (Olivers & Nieuwenhuis, 2005) strikingly reveals the AB to
be virtually abolished when non-task-demanding music occurs in the background. The authors suggest that a diffuse attentional
state is the mediating factor. Here, we seek to broaden the finding’s generality by determining if task-irrelevant visual
motion and flicker also attenuate the AB. In our experiments, the AB task was presented together with a background field of
moving dots that could moveaway from ortoward the central AB task, or flicker. In the control condition, the dots remained static. The AB was attenuated—though to different
degrees—in all experimental conditions, but not in the static condition. Our findings add to the generality of the previous
conclusions, and we emphasize an account based on the overallocation of attention. 相似文献
89.
In a mental rotation task, participants must determine whether two stimuli match when one undergoes a rotation in 3-D space
relative to the other. The key evidence for mental rotation is the finding of a linear increase in response times as objects
are rotated farther apart. This signature increase in response times is also found in recognition of rotated objects, which
has led many theorists to postulate mental rotation as a key transformational procedure in object recognition. We compared
mental rotation and object recognition in tasks that used the same stimuli and presentation conditions and found that, whereas
mental rotation costs increased relatively linearly with rotation, object recognition costs increased only over small rotations.
Taken in conjunction with a recent brain imaging study, this dissociation in behavioral performance suggests that object recognition
is based on matching of image features rather than on 3-D mental transformations. 相似文献
90.
Font tuning (FT) occurs when observers recognize a sequence of letters presented in the same font faster than in different fonts (Sanocki 1987, 1988 Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance 13 267-278; 14 472-480). Here, we test the hypothesis that FT is associated with expertise with a specific writing system. We developed a systematic search task allowing the measurement of FT over a large number of letters and generalized the finding of FT from English readers viewing Roman letters to Chinese readers viewing Chinese characters. Non-Chinese readers did not show evidence of FT for Chinese characters in this search task. We also used a simpler 3-letter identification task to directly compare novice and expert readers, and to explore FT for different aspects of font such as fill, slant, and aspect ratio. We found that experts tune to aspect ratio but not to the other font changes. These findings reveal that letters are not processed visually in the same manner as shapes, and suggest an explanation for the cortical specialization obtained in the visual system for letters. 相似文献