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221.
David J. Oborne Andrew M. Colman Graham Davies Terry Kellard Peter B. Smith Robert J. Edelmann Manfred Bornewasser Irving Kirsh Linda Viney Andrée Liddel William B. Stiles Lee Ellis David Briggs Roger M. Tarpy Robert B. Everhart Michael L. Penn Elaine Hack 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1989,8(2):155-176
222.
Irving B. Guller 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1969,47(6):546-551
Subjects were 18 undergraduates who were clients of a college counseling service and 25 controls matched for age, IQ, and honesty of self-report. Hypotheses tested were: (a) that at the beginning of treatment experimental clients (group E) would show more variability of self-concept on a test-retest questionnaire (with a week intervening between testing) than would controls (group C); and (b) that eight weeks after the second testing group E would show significantly increased stability on test-retest with an alternate form questionnaire while group C would not show similar changes. Both hypotheses were confirmed beyond the .05 level of confidence. Increased stability of self-concept should follow psychotherapy because of increased self-understanding and abandonment of unrealistic self-referrent ideas. Results were interpreted as supporting Rogers' concept of essential changes in psychotherapy and offering a promising method for assessing effects of therapy. Suggestions for further research are made. 相似文献
223.
Irving M. Rosen M.D. 《Journal of religion and health》1970,9(3):250-257
Summary Concepts suggested by autonomous ego theory and a phenomenological approach to emotions make it possible to think again about depression and its treatment in order better to explain clinical observations.Depression appears to be a secondary emotion, not primary, made up of the following ingredients: 1) one or more primary emotions—anxiety, anger, guilt, and grief particularly, as well as self-pity, loneliness, alienation, apathy, and despair—precipitated in 2) an ego inadequate in channeling emotions constructively, 3) the associated phenomenological tendencies inherent within the emotions, and 4) the sense of helplessness that ensues. Thus the treatment required would consist of a systematic, somewhat detached, cognitive approach to the problems the emotions are indicating, and what should be done to resolve them. These problems include those precipitated by the workings of the emotions as things-in-themselves. The treatment is oriented toward enhancing the patient's understanding of the disorder and his coping ability to the end that the patient is not weakened even as he is relieved.Director of Community Services of the Cleveland State Hospital, has been a frequent contributor to journals of psychiatry and pastoral care. He was recently president of the Cleveland branch of the Academy. 相似文献
224.
Eugene Ziskind Karl Syndulko Irving Maltzman 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1978,13(4):199-205
Results of two experiments on differential conditioning of the skin conductance (SCR) in sociopaths and normal control subjects are described. In the first experiment it was found that an equal number of sociopaths and control subjects were aware of the conditioning contingency. However, only the normal subjects displayed reliable differential SCR conditioning. Sociopaths showed a dissociation between verbal learning and conditioning of a physiological change. The second experiment examined the differential conditioning of normal subjects and sociopaths in partial remission. The number of aware subjects in the two groups did not differ. Aware subjects in both groups showed differential SCR conditioning. Differential conditioning in sociopaths did not persist over trials as it did in control subjects. A deficiency in ACTH 4–10 as well as neurological dysfunctions were considered possible factors in the etiology of sociopathy. Further research on the relation of neuropeptides to the etiology and treatment of sociopathy is suggested. 相似文献
225.
226.
Irving Geller 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1964,7(5):345-349
The conditioned suppression technique (Estes and Skinner, 1941) was employed to study the effects of partial-shock reinforcement in the goldfish. Lever-pressing behavior of hungry goldfish was suppressed in the presence of a flashing light that had been previously paired with electric shocks. Fish that acquired the suppression under 50% and 100% shock-reinforcement, respectively, were subjected to repeated presentations of the flashing light alone. This procedure revealed a more rapid extinction of the suppressed behavior in the 50% than in the 100% shocked group. The finding was compared with those from other experiments and possible reasons for the differences were examined. 相似文献
227.
Personal growth and personal development: Concepts clarified 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A distinction can be drawn between personal development and personal growth. Despite their similarities, linguistic analysis shows the two concepts to convey different ideas. Personal development is a process concerned with specific aspects of the individual: the development of 'what', and the ways this can be planned, achieved and evaluated. Personal growth, on the other hand, is a more generic process having to do with the totality of the individual; it is always judged in terms of values. This difference is vital in counsellor training, where the emphasis should necessarily be on those aspects of personal development that are relevant to specific training objectives and client needs, rather than on personal growth per se. 相似文献
228.
229.
Irving Louis Horowitz 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1993,28(2):137-142
This statement, first presented at a plenary session of the Pavlovian Society on 9 October 1992, in Los Angeles, California, attempts to assess the recently released speech delivered by Ivan Pavlov in 1923, but publicly brought to light only in 1991, on the subject of “Communist Dogmatism and the Autonomy of Science.” This speech, noteworthy for the courage of the delivery under adverse circumstances no less than the contents of its remarks, compels a new estimate of the place of science in a totalitarian system boasting an ideology of physiological psychology. It also sheds new light on the Russian Nobel laureate and pioneer in the areas of behavior modification induced by the functions of the higher nervous system. These remarks take an in-depth view of American radical and Marxian appraisals — how they followed the Soviet lead in harnessing Pavlov to the Communist cause, and in attempting to discredit the work of Sigmund Freud. This lethal combination of Communist political needs and ideological proclivities served to rationalize the implementation of slave labor as work therapy during the Stalinist era. The linkage of Pavlov to Makarenko in education and Michurin in biology serves as a case study in the manufacture of tradition. The collapse of the Soviet system permits a recasting of the history of science and Pavlov’s place in Russian life. Such new conditions also provide a lesson in the distortive role of ideology in the evolution of modern science. 相似文献
230.
Irving Maltzman 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1991,26(3):200-210
Commentators have repeatedly attacked the traditional view that alcoholism is a disease. Their arguments that alcoholism is
a central aspect of life, a deviant life style, or a form of learned behavior are examined in the light of the history and
philosophy of medicine as well as current bio-behavioral research. Our conclusion is that alcoholism, as a lawful pattern
of observable signs and symptoms that deviate significantly from a norm of health, is a bio-psychosocial disease. 相似文献