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121.
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This article describes the spectrum of recurrent thoughts and behaviors that can result from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and its variants. Although repetitive behaviors can result from a range of brain disorders, FTD is the most common neurologic cause of new-onset recurrent thoughts and behaviors in middle or late life. Patients with FTD can manifest typical or bizarre compulsions, hoarding, verbal and motor stereotypies and complex tics; self-injurious acts, perseverations; and fixed, obsessional thoughts. The frequency and variability of these repetitive behaviors suggest a common disturbance of orbitofrontal-basal ganglia circuits involved in response inhibition. The amelioration of these recurrent events with the administration of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors further suggests a serotonergic deficit. 相似文献
123.
Individuals with similar political orientations may find themselves in dissimilar social and political surroundings, with important consequences for the flow of political information among citizens. Analyses of data from the post-election survey of the 1900 National Election Study show that some individuals reside within extensive networks of political discussion and communication, whereas others are politically isolated. With respect to presidential candidate preference in 1900, some citizens in networks were surrounded by discussants who agreed with their preference, others by discussants who held ambiguous and undetermined preferences, and still others by discussants who held politically divergent preferences. These preference distributions have various implications for the formation of political opinion and for levels of political engagement and turnout. 相似文献
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Oliver Stiedl Michael Meyer MD PhD 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(4):311-345
Non-linear fractal analysis of cardiac interbeat time series was performed in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype
2 (CRFR2) deficient mice. Heart rate dynamics in mice constitutes a self-similar, scale-invariant, random fractal process
with persistent intrinsic long-range correlations and inverse power-law properties. We hypothesized that the sustained tachycardic
response elicited by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of human/rat CRF (h/rCRF) is mediated by CRFR2. In wildtype control animals,
heart rate was increased to about maximum levels (~ 750 bpm) while in CRFR2-deficient animals baseline values were retained
(~ 580 bpm). The tachycardic response elicited by ip-application is mediated by CRFR2 and is interpreted to result from sympathetic
stimulation. However, the functional integrity of CRFR2 would not present a prerequisite to maintaining the responsiveness
and resiliency of cardiac control to external environmental perturbations experimentally induced by extrinsic ip-application
of h/rCRF or under physiological conditions that may be associated with an increased peripheral release of CRF. Under stressful
physiological conditions achieved by novelty exposure, CRFR2 is not involved in the cardiodynamic regulation to external short-term
stress. While the hypothesis of involvement of CRFR2 in cardiac regulation upon pharmacological stimulation cannot be rejected,
the present findings suggest that the mechanism of action is by sympathetic stimulation, but would not unambiguously allow
to draw any conclusions as to the physiological role of CRFR2 in the control of cardiac dynamics. 相似文献
127.
Michelle Rozenman Allison Vreeland Marisela Iglesias Melissa Mendez John Piacentini 《Cognition & emotion》2018,32(2):389-396
In the past decade, cognitive biases and physiological arousal have each been proposed as mechanisms through which paediatric anxiety develops and is maintained over time. Preliminary studies have found associations between anxious interpretations of ambiguity, physiological arousal, and avoidance, supporting theories that link cognition, psychophysiology, and behaviour. However, little is known about the relationship between youths’ resolutions of ambiguity and physiological arousal during acute stress. Such information may have important clinical implications for use of verbal self-regulation strategies and cognitive restructuring during treatments for paediatric anxiety. In this brief report, we present findings suggesting that anxious, but not typically developing, youth select avoidant goals via non-threatening resolution of ambiguity during a stressor, and that this resolution of ambiguity is accompanied by physiological reactivity (heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia). We propose future empirical research on the interplay between interpretation bias, psychophysiology, and child anxiety, as well as clinical implications. 相似文献
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129.
Alexei V. Shemagonov MD Valentina N. Sidorenko MD Ph.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2000,35(3):218-223
The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of Medical Resonance Therapy Music (MRT-Music) upon autonomous
innervation of cerebral arteries by examining slow spontaneous oscillations of cerebral blood flow (SSO) using transcranial
Doppler ultrasound (TCD). TCD detects SSO with 3–9 cycles per minute (M-waves) and 0.5–2 cycles per minute (B-waves). The
SSO are caused by rhythmic diameter changes of the medium and small cerebral arteries. Six patients aged 24–65 years suffering
from tension headache were treated with MRT-Music. Twelve additional patients were examined with TCD only to register SSO
for further spectral analysis.
After fast Fourier transformation four groups of peaks were registered on the SSO spectra, divided into four rhythms: A. 0.0–0.02
Hz, B. 0.02–0.033 Hz, C. 0.06–0.09 Hz, D. 0.09–0.15 Hz and an intermediate diapason of 0.034–0.059 Hz.
Spectral analysis of the SSO showed changes between initial and final amplitude peaks in all patients. In contrast to A-,
B-and D-rhythms, the reduction of peaks in the C-diapason was statistically significant (31–60%, P 3D0.04, CI 3D95%) for patients
treated with MRT-Music. All patients treated with the MRT-Music reported a relief of headache while and after treatment. 相似文献
130.
Music is an ancient method for healing. In the year 550 B.C., Pythagoras from Greece developed a concept for the use of music
in medicine, esteeming music higher than many other medical treatments. The Medical Resonance Therapy Music (MRT-Music) of
the German classical composer and musicologist Peter Huebner is built on this concept of Pythagorean music medicine. Its therapeutic
effect may be best explained by the natural phenomenon of resonance between the harmony laws of the microcosm of music and
the biological laws of the body. Results received after application of MRT-Music indicate multiple positive effects on the
organism of pregnant women both with a healthy pregnancy as with a pathologic one, reducing the rate of premature births very
effectively. Furthermore, MRT-Music came out to be an effective method in the complex therapy of late gestoses and a nearly
irreplaceable method for preoperative preparation of pregnant woman for caesarean section. It demonstrated a powerful anti-stress
effect and allowd to reduce the amount of administered pain-killers to pregnant women by the factor 1.5 to 2.0 thus reducing
the negative pharmacological load to the foetus. It furthermore reduced labour time and shortened hospital stay. It helped
to create optimal conditions for the course of pregnancy and heightened pain sensitivity threshold by means of improving the
functional, hormonal, and psycho-emotional conditions of pregnant and lying-in women. Thus, the labour process became more
natural, the delivery non-traumatic, and motherhood more happy and safe. 相似文献