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161.
That males have higher suicide rates than females is one of the most empirically documented social facts in suicidology, but the reasons for this continue to be debated. For the present paper, we tested a neglected contributing factor to the gender suicide ratio: wound site or the area of the body that is wounded in firearm suicides. Males may have a higher suicide rate, in part, due to their greater likelihood than women for shooting themselves in the head as opposed to the body. This has been related to gender differences in fear of facial disfigurement and suicide intent. Data from the Wayne County Medical examiner's office regarding 807 suicides committed with firearms was analyzed. The dependent variable was dichotomous and referred to the location of the site of the wound: gunshot to the head vs. gunshot to the body. Controls for demographic covariates of suicide included age and race of the suicide victim. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that women were 47% less apt than men to shoot themselves in the head. Further analysis determined that women were less apt than men to use shotguns and rifles in their suicides (weapons that make head shooting more awkward). The findings are consistent with the notion that women are more concerned than men with facial disfigurement, and that women have a lower desire to die than men. 相似文献
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Ira Moses 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2000,30(4):323-324
Introduction
About the Contributors 相似文献167.
Brain potentials related to seeing one''s own name 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ira Fischler Young-Sun Jin Timothy L. Boaz Nathan W. Perry Jr. Donald G. Childers 《Brain and language》1987,30(2):245-262
Subjects were assigned an assumed name and then shown a series of statements of the form, "My name / is / X", where X was the assumed name, their own first name, or one of a set of other false names. Their task was to respond positively to the "assumed" name and reject as false all other names, including their own. An N380 feature of the averaged task-related brain potentials, considered to be inversely related to the degree of contextual priming, was greatly enhanced for the false names compared to the assumed name. The N380 to one's own name was more similar to that of the false than the assumed name, indicating that the sentence context's priming of various names was under the subjects' attentional control, and that the late negativity could be modulated by this attention. In contrast, a large P510 feature distinguished one's own name from the false name, and this difference was unaffected by practice. Even in cases, then, where the context allows anticipation of one verbal event (here, the assumed name), a highly overlearned and salient stimulus such as one's own name continues to produce a distinctive neural response. 相似文献
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Mary E. McCaul Maxine L. Stitzer George E. Bigelow Ira A. Liebson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1984,17(1):35-43
We examined the effectiveness of a contingency management program in preventing relapse to illicit opiate use and increasing treatment retention during outpatient methadone detoxification treatment. Twenty male opiate addicts were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Following a 3-week methadone stabilization period, men in both groups received identical gradual methadone dose reductions during Weeks 4 through 9 and were maintained on placebo during Weeks 10 through 13. Beginning in Week 4, control patients received $5.00 for providing a specimen twice weekly. Experimental patients received $10.00 and a take home methadone dose for each opiate-free urine specimen but forfeited the incentives and participated in more intensive clinic procedures when specimens were opiate positive. The contingency management procedure slowed the rate of relapse to illicit opiate use. Experimental patients provided significantly more opiate-free urines during the methadone dose reduction in Weeks 4 through 9 than control patients, although the difference between groups was no longer significant during placebo administration in Weeks 10 through 13. In addition, the contingency management program improved treatment retention and reduced symptom complaints during the detoxification. The usefulness and limitations of contingency management procedures for outpatient methadone detoxification are discussed. 相似文献
170.
Ira Daniel Turkat Loyd S. Pettegrew 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1983,5(1):35-47
The development and validation of a measure of illness behavior are presented. From a large domain sample of illness-related behaviors, a 20-item self-report measure was developed, the Illness Behavior Inventory (IBI). Validation data are presented from a series of independent studies with healthy and chronically ill individuals. Results indicate that the IBI possesses acceptable levels of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, structural reliability, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, and predictive validity. The applicability of the IBI to various areas of inquiry in behavioral medicine research and practice is discussed and directions for future research are outlined. 相似文献