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991.
Tracking the Decision‐Making Process in Multiple‐Choice Assessment: Evidence from Eye Movements 下载免费PDF全文
Marlit Annalena Lindner Alexander Eitel Gun‐Brit Thoma Inger Marie Dalehefte Jan Marten Ihme Olaf Köller 《Applied cognitive psychology》2014,28(5):738-752
This study investigated students' decision‐making processes in a knowledge‐assessing multiple‐choice (MC) test using eye‐tracking methodology. More precisely, the gaze bias effect (more attention to more preferred options) and its relation to domain knowledge were the focus of the study. Eye movements of students with high (HPK) and low (LPK) prior domain knowledge were recorded while they solved 21 MC items. Afterwards, students rated every answer option according to their subjective preference. As expected, both HPK and LPK students showed a gaze bias towards subjectively preferred answer options, whereby HPK students spent more time on objectively correct answers. Furthermore, a fine‐grained time‐course analysis showed similar patterns of attention distribution over time for both HPK and LPK students, when focusing on subjective preference levels. Thus, these data offer a new perspective on knowledge‐related MC item solving and provide evidence for the generalizability of the gaze bias effect across decision tasks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
Marie Ilic Jost Reinecke Gerd Bohner Hans‐Onno Röttgers Thomas Beblo Martin Driessen Ulrich Frommberger Patrick William Corrigan 《Journal of applied social psychology》2014,44(7):464-480
Previous research about coping with the stigma of mental illness mostly relied on cross‐sectional or qualitative research designs. In the present study, the consequences of ten identity management strategies for mental illness stigma were observed in a longitudinal design. Cross‐lagged analyses were used to describe the influence of the strategies on the frequency of stigma experiences and on mental health in a two‐wave panel of people with mental illness (n = 367, 79% repeated response rate). Selective disclosure and information seeking emerged as adaptive identity management strategies, whereas overcompensation and withdrawal led to lower mental health. Results were mostly unaffected by demographic and psychiatric variables. The results support an empowerment model of stigma resilience that portrays stigmatized people as active constructors of their social world. 相似文献
993.
Chedid Georges Sfeir Michel Mouzawak Marie Saroufim Leen Hayek Perla Wilson Maximilliano A. Brambati Simona Maria 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2022,51(1):93-133
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - Research on language processing requires language-specific norms of pictorial and linguistic experimental stimuli across different psycholinguistic variables.... 相似文献
994.
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Although researchers have explored the link between depression and executive functioning (EF), the influence of early-life environmental and relational... 相似文献
995.
O'Shea R Murphy AM Treacy E Lynch SA Thirlaway K Lambert D 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(2):192-203
Many children with chronic genetic diseases are followed by specialty clinics that provide genetic information as part of
the care. Health services restrictions in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) can make the wait for an appointment with a genetic
counsellor long. We examined whether genetic information was being adequately understood when presented by medical, but non-genetics
staff to long term patients, using our national metabolic service as an example. The aim was to inform health professionals
about the need or role of a genetic counsellor in a specialist setting. A questionnaire was used to assess knowledge among
parents and patients affected by galactosaemia and Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD). Twenty seven families with galactosemia
and 10 with MSUD were interviewed in clinic. Comparative analysis showed significant differences in knowledge between parents
of children with galactosemia and adult patients (p = 0.001) and between ethnicities (p > 0.05). While parents are well informed, the majority expressed a wish for more information about the condition and its
transmission. Adult patients with galactosemia and parents from certain ethnic backgrounds could especially benefit from genetic
counselling. This study highlights the need for a genetic counsellor in specialist clinics. 相似文献
996.
Injeyan MC Shuman C Shugar A Chitayat D Atenafu EG Kaiser A 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(5):526-540
Compassion fatigue (CMF) arises as a consequence of secondary exposure to distress and can be elevated in some health practitioners.
Locus of control and dispositional optimism are aspects of personality known to influence coping style. To investigate whether
these personality traits influence CMF risk, we surveyed 355 genetic counselors about their CMF, locus of control orientation,
and degree of dispositional optimism. Approximately half of respondents reported they experience CMF; 26.6% had considered
leaving their job due to CMF symptoms. Mixed-method analyses revealed that genetic counselors having an external locus of
control and low optimism were at highest risk for CMF. Those at highest risk experienced moderate-to-high burnout, low-to-moderate
compassion satisfaction, and tended to rely on religion/spirituality when coping with stress. CMF risk was not influenced
by years in practice, number of genetic counselor colleagues in the workplace, or completion of graduate training in this
area. Recommendations for practice and education are outlined. 相似文献
997.
The current study investigated bullying behaviors in 284 school children in the fourth through seventh grades at the time of the initial assessment. Peer ratings of bullying behavior were obtained at the end of the spring semester of one school year and at the end of the fall semester of the next school year. Importantly, peer ratings were obtained by assessing not only the level at which participants actually bully other students but also whether participants help bullies to hurt the victim (assister), encourage bullies (reinforce), or help the victim of bullying (defender). Our results did not support the utility of differentiating between bullies, assisters, or reinforcers. Specifically, these bullying roles were highly intercorrelated, both concurrently and across school years, and they showed similar correlations with aggression and several characteristics often associated with aggression (i.e., conduct problems, callous-unemotional traits, and positive expectancies about aggression). In contrast, ratings of defending designated a particularly prosocial group of students. Finally, whereas bullying appeared to be very similar in boys and girls, it was somewhat more stable across school years and was related to lower levels of prosocial behavior in boys, both of which could suggest that bullying may be somewhat more related to social group dynamics in girls. 相似文献
998.
Helena D. Cooper‐Thomas Marie Gee Wilson 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2011,19(4):388-404
In recent years, organizational socialization research has focused increasingly on the tactics that newcomers use to guide their own adjustment. Various subsets of adjustment tactics have been studied, with minimal rationale as to why newcomers would use different behaviors. We present a typology for newcomer adjustment tactics, comprising opportunistic, self‐determined, and shared behaviors, to categorize and integrate all newcomer adjustment tactics identified to date. Next, we propose a model in which tactic use is a function of cost–benefit analyses – on performance, ego, and social dimensions – influenced by individual and contextual factors. This integrates the diverse literatures on socialization, adjustment, information seeking, feedback seeking, and coping. Integrating our initial tactics categorization and the cost–benefit model, we present a robust set of propositions that inform newcomers' perceptions and use of adjustment tactics. We conclude by presenting theoretical and practical implications for newcomer adjustment. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Three experiments examined verbal short-term memory in comparison and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participants. Experiment 1 involved forward and backward digit recall. Experiment 2 used a standard immediate serial recall task where, contrary to the digit-span task, items (words) were not repeated from list to list. Hence, this task called more heavily on item memory. Experiment 3 tested short-term order memory with an order recognition test: Each word list was repeated with or without the position of 2 adjacent items swapped. The ASD group showed poorer performance in all 3 experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that group differences were due to memory for the order of the items, not to memory for the items themselves. Confirming these findings, the results of Experiment 3 showed that the ASD group had more difficulty detecting a change in the temporal sequence of the items. 相似文献