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Ireland. Carr, Alan. (2000). Family therapy: Concepts, process and practice. Chichester, Eng: Wiley, 564 pp. Israel. Poskanzer, Alisa. (2000). Ethiopian exodus: A practice journal. Jerusalem and Hewlett, NY: Gefen Books. i(r)LB_Hlt499967666sragefe@net vision.net.il geferbooks@compuserve.com (English). Sweden. Berglund, Gustaf, & Abrahamsson, Erik. (2000). Creative conversations: Meetings with family therapists and their ideas [Skapande konversationr]. (Gustav Berglund & Marilyn Pete Finnstedt, trans.) Stockholm: Mareld Books. 相似文献
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Daniel B. Shabani James E. Carr Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(1):105-121
If the members of a functional response class occur in a predictable order, a response‐class hierarchy is said to exist. Although this topic has received some attention in the applied literature, it remains relatively understudied. The purpose of the current investigation was to develop an analogue model of a response‐class hierarchy. Children with and without developmental disabilities were first taught three responses in an attempt to develop a functional response class ordered along the dimension of response effort (Experiment 1). Following response‐class development, an extinction analysis was used to determine whether the responses were hierarchically related (Experiment 2). Results of Experiment 1 indicated that a functional response class was developed, and that there was a relation between response rate and effort for the established response class. Results of Experiment 2 indicated that a response‐class hierarchy existed within the previously developed response classes for 3 of 4 participants. 相似文献
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Nanoparticles have multifaceted advantages in drug administration as vaccine delivery and hence hold promises for improving
protection of farmed fish against diseases caused by pathogens. However, there are concerns that the benefits associated with
distribution of nanoparticles may also be accompanied with risks to the environment and health. The complexity of the natural
and social systems involved implies that the information acquired in quantified risk assessments may be inadequate for evidence-based
decisions. One controversial strategy for dealing with this kind of uncertainty is the precautionary principle. A few years
ago, an UNESCO expert group suggested a new approach for implementation of the principle. Here we compare the UNESCO principle
with earlier versions and explore the advantages and disadvantages by employing the UNESCO version to the use of PLGA nanoparticles
for delivery of vaccines in aquaculture. Finally, we discuss whether a combined scientific and ethical analysis that involves
the concept of responsibility will enable approaches that can provide a supplement to the precautionary principle as basis
for decision-making in areas of scientific uncertainty, such as the application of nanoparticles in the vaccination of farmed
fish. 相似文献
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Levenga J de Vrij FM Buijsen RA Li T Nieuwenhuizen IM Pop A Oostra BA Willemsen R 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,95(4):467-472
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of mental retardation and is caused by the lack of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). In the brain, spine abnormalities have been reported in both patients with FXS and Fmr1 knockout mice. This altered spine morphology has been linked to disturbed synaptic transmission related to altered signaling in the excitatory metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) pathway. We investigated hippocampal protrusion morphology in adult Fmr1 knockout mice. Our results show a hippocampal CA1-specific altered protrusion phenotype, which was absent in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. This suggests a subregion-specific function of FMRP in synaptic plasticity in the brain. 相似文献
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The present longitudinal study investigates continuity and change in the personality dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism among the oldest‐old. Overall disease load, self‐rated health, functional capacity, impaired vision and hearing, self‐reported cognitive impairment, and measured cognitive status were tested for their role as potentially relevant late‐life predictors of personality change. The sample consists of 408 individuals aged 80–98 in the Swedish OCTO‐Twin Study who completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory at four measurement occasions during a 6‐year period. Growth curve analyses revealed an age‐related linear decrease in extraversion and stability in neuroticism. More extraverted individuals were more educated and perceived their health and cognition as better. Notably, only hearing impairment was found to be related to a steeper age‐related decline in extraversion. A life span developmental model focusing on health‐related changes can improve our understanding of personality change in late life. 相似文献
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Explaining the gender difference in self-reported suicide attempts: a nationally representative study of Norwegian adolescents 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Predictors of self-reported suicide attempts were studied cross-sectionally and prospectively in order to discern which variables may account for the gender difference in such reports. A representative sample of Norwegian students (N= 9,679) in grades 7-12 were followed from 1992 to 1994. More girls (10.4%) than boys (6.0%) reported a previous attempt and more girls (3.3%) than boys (1.9%) reported an attempt during the study period. The gender difference in previous suicide attempts was significantly reduced when depressed mood was controlled, and was no longer significant when disordered eating was included. There was no gender difference in future attempts when previous attempts, depressed mood, physical appearance, pubertal timing, and romantic involvement were controlled. Girls' higher level of risk factors may account for their higher level of self-reported nonfatal suicidal behavior. 相似文献
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We examined how showing a film backwards (reverse transformation) affects the visual perception of biological motion. Adults and 6-year-old children saw first a point-light quadruped moving normally as if on a treadmill, and then saw the same display in reverse transformation. For other groups the order of presentation was the opposite. Irrespective of the presentation mode (normal or reverse) and of the facing of the point-light figure (rightward or leftward), a pronounced apparent-facing effect was observed: the perceptual identification of a display was mainly determined by the apparent direction of locomotion. The findings suggest that in interpreting impoverished point-light biological-motion stimuli the visual system may neglect distortions caused by showing a film backwards. This property appears to be robust across perceptual development. Possible explanations of the apparent-facing effect are discussed. 相似文献