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21.
Karl Halvor Teigen Anne‐Marie Halberg Knut Inge Fostervold 《Applied cognitive psychology》2007,21(3):383-406
People often describe uncertain quantities by suggesting a lower or upper limit of an uncertainty interval, rather than the complete range. Five studies are reported, which demonstrate how interval limits function as provisional reference points (PRP), conferring evaluative meanings to the target objects, by suggesting downward or upward comparisons. Thus, a price above X appears expensive, whereas a price below Y appears cheap, even when Y > X. This can give rise to framing effects: a purchase can appear to be recommended or advised against, and a seller can appear as optimistic or pessimistic, and, more generally, an estimate can indicate abundance or scarcity, depending upon which boundary (upper or lower) that is selected. Furthermore, inclusive lower bounds (minimum, at least) and upper bounds (maximum, at most) differ from exclusive lower (more than, above) and upper bounds (less than, below), by suggesting possible (likely) rather than implausible (unlikely) values. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
22.
Nils Inge Landrø Emily Pape–Ellefsen Karl Otto Hagland & Torleiv Odland 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2001,42(5):459-465
The aim of the present study was to examine different dimensions of memory functioning in young schizophrenics with normal general intellectual abilities. Thirty-three patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls were included in the study. The results suggest that immediate short-term memory is intact, though there emerged a working memory deficit in the schizophrenia group. Deficient encoding of verbal material was observed in some, but not in other, testing conditions. There also seemed to be a retrieval deficit for verbal material in schizophrenia, though no storage deficit was indicated. Impaired memory for non-verbal material was also revealed. These results occurred in a context of intact executive functioning as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The results indicate that temporal and frontal structures, as well as their interconnections, may be compromised in schizophrenia. 相似文献
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Shmuel Shulman Inge Seiffge-Krenke Rachel Levy-Shiff Bracha Fabian Sara Rotenberg 《International journal of psychology》1995,30(5):573-590
This study explored the possible interface between family and peer group systems in early adolescence. Sixth-graders who were identified as group members were interviewed and given questions regarding their attitudes toward the group and group dynamics. Family atmosphere and parent-adolescent relationships were evaluated from the parents' perspective. The results show two different linkages of peer and family processes: On the one hand, family relationships are related to the perception of the peer group as a source of support, especially when individual growth is respected within an atmosphere of acceptance and support in the family. On the other hand, family life characterized by conflict and lack of support for individual development is related to an increased involvement with groups and more conformity to group pressure. Results are discussed in line with theories dealing with the role of the family in adolescent development. 相似文献
26.
Inge Bates 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1983,11(2):113-130
The Schools Council Careers Education and Guidance Project is discussed with particular reference to its use in school. The purpose is to focus attention on the likelihood of school-based constraints on careers education, which it is argued can best be uncovered through an ‘illuminative’ model of evaluation. Such an ‘illuminative’ approach is applied to the implementation of the project's pedagogy, which laid particular stress on pupil participation in lessons as a means of operationalising a more general concern with the development of autonomy. In practice, school lessons diverged considerably from the project's ideal. Factors responsible for the transformation are proposed, and their significance as barriers to this type of pedagogy is discussed. 相似文献
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Ellen-Marie Forsberg Frank O. Anthun Sharon Bailey Giles Birchley Henriette Bout Carlo Casonato Gloria González Fuster Bert Heinrichs Serge Horbach Ingrid Skjæggestad Jacobsen Jacques Janssen Matthias Kaiser Inge Lerouge Barend van der Meulen Sarah de Rijcke Thomas Saretzki Margit Sutrop Marta Tazewell Krista Varantola Knut Jørgen Vie Hub Zwart Mira Zöller 《Science and engineering ethics》2018,24(4):1023-1034
This document presents the Bonn PRINTEGER Consensus Statement: Working with Research Integrity—Guidance for research performing organisations. The aim of the statement is to complement existing instruments by focusing specifically on institutional responsibilities for strengthening integrity. It takes into account the daily challenges and organisational contexts of most researchers. The statement intends to make research integrity challenges recognisable from the work-floor perspective, providing concrete advice on organisational measures to strengthen integrity. The statement, which was concluded February 7th 2018, provides guidance on the following key issues:
相似文献
- § 1.Providing information about research integrity
- § 2.Providing education, training and mentoring
- § 3.Strengthening a research integrity culture
- § 4.Facilitating open dialogue
- § 5.Wise incentive management
- § 6.Implementing quality assurance procedures
- § 7.Improving the work environment and work satisfaction
- § 8.Increasing transparency of misconduct cases
- § 9.Opening up research
- § 10.Implementing safe and effective whistle-blowing channels
- § 11.Protecting the alleged perpetrators
- § 12.Establishing a research integrity committee and appointing an ombudsperson
- § 13.Making explicit the applicable standards for research integrity
29.
Petersen HV Domanska K Bendahl PO Wong J Carlsson C Bernstein I Esplen MJ Nilbert M 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(3):308-313
Learning about hereditary cancer may influence an individual’s self-concept, which otherwise represents a complex but stable
cognitive structure. Recently, a 20-statement self-concept scale, with subscales related to stigma-vulnerability and bowel
symptom-related anxiety, was developed for Lynch syndrome. We compared the performance of this scale in 591 mutation carriers
from Denmark, Sweden and Canada. Principal component analysis identified two sets of linked statements—the first related to
feeling different, isolated and labeled, and the second to concern and worry about bowel changes. The scale performed consistently
in the three countries. Minor differences were identified, with guilt about passing on a defective gene and feelings of losing
one’s privacy being more pronounced among Canadians, whereas Danes more often expressed worries about cancer. Validation of
the Lynch syndrome self-concept scale supports its basic structure, identifies dependence between the statements in the subscales
and demonstrates its applicability in different Western populations. 相似文献
30.
Pecher D Boot I van Dantzig S Madden CJ Huber DE Zeelenberg R 《Experimental psychology》2011,58(6):454-463
Previous studies (e.g., Pecher, Zeelenberg, & Wagenmakers, 2005) found that semantic classification performance is better for target words with orthographic neighbors that are mostly from the same semantic class (e.g., living) compared to target words with orthographic neighbors that are mostly from the opposite semantic class (e.g., nonliving). In the present study we investigated the contribution of phonology to orthographic neighborhood effects by comparing effects of phonologically congruent orthographic neighbors (book-hook) to phonologically incongruent orthographic neighbors (sand-wand). The prior presentation of a semantically congruent word produced larger effects on subsequent animacy decisions when the previously presented word was a phonologically congruent neighbor than when it was a phonologically incongruent neighbor. In a second experiment, performance differences between target words with versus without semantically congruent orthographic neighbors were larger if the orthographic neighbors were also phonologically congruent. These results support models of visual word recognition that assume an important role for phonology in cascaded access to meaning. 相似文献