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Increasing self-control is a key-factor in the rehabilitation process of young criminals. Based on two well-established theories of self-control, we tested a short mindfulness training and the motivational effect of group identification on a standard self-control measurement in an sample of 57 incarcerated male youth from a German youth detention center. In accordance with our hypothesis, both treatments led to higher self-control than a control group. These findings indicate that mindfulness and group identification foster self-control even in an untrained sample of incarcerated young men and contribute therefore to resource-oriented successful rehabilitation programs. 相似文献
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Purpose
This research demonstrates the importance of the concept of the core team (Humphrey et al. in Journal of Applied Psychology 94:48–61, 2009) in contrast to supporting or peripheral members within the context of larger nominal teams. It asks the question, “In a team-oriented organization, should we assume that all nominal team members are, in fact, relatively equal contributors?”Design
Utilizing individual batter, fielder, and pitcher data from the National League from 2005 to 2014, we operationalize the concept of the core group, which is a subset of high-performing members.Findings
After testing for aggregation, we found that for core team members, their collective versions of batting average, runs batted in (RBI), and pitching earned run average (ERA) significantly predicted team win-loss percentages with an R2 of .62, p < .0001. The prediction of team attendance based on the performances of the core team was also significant with an R2 of .40, p < .0001. The same three independent variables based solely on supporting players were neither aggregable nor significant. Similarly, results for the nominal teams composed of all players on the roster were also not aggregable.Implications
These findings highlight the importance of identifying and managing core members (Fonti et al. Strategic Management Journal 37:1765–1786, 2016). Implications for team settings in management and business settings are discussed.Originality
WABA provides a unique multi-level, visual analytical tool for testing the existence of entities for these baseball data. Its application shows very different data configurations for nominal, core, and support subteams and dissimilar patterns of relationships among the key performance variables for each type of team.13.
The role of animacy in the real time comprehension of Mandarin Chinese: Evidence from auditory event-related brain potentials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two auditory ERP studies examined the role of animacy in sentence comprehension in Mandarin Chinese by comparing active and passive sentences in simple verb-final (Experiment 1) and relative clause constructions (Experiment 2). In addition to the voice manipulation (which modulated the assignment of actor and undergoer roles to the arguments), both arguments were either animate or inanimate. This allowed us to examine the interplay of animacy with thematic interpretation. In Experiment 1, we observed no effect of animacy at NP1, but N400 effects for inanimate actor arguments in second position. This result mirrors previous findings in German, thus suggesting that an initial undergoer universally leads to the prediction of an ideal (animate) actor. We also observed an N400 effect for passive sentences with an inanimate initial (undergoer) argument. We attribute this effect to a language-specific property of the passive construction in Chinese, namely that the first argument is negatively affected by the event described (i.e. bears an experiencer role). Experiment 2 showed that both of these effects can also be observed in sentence constructions of another type, in which the critical information sources become available in a different order. These findings provide the first demonstration that the N400 is not only sensitive to general (universal) aspects of thematic processing (i.e. "who is acting on whom") but also to the interaction between thematic interpretation and language-specific pragmatic principles. 相似文献
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The correlation between three conceptions of social presence (seen as 1. a subjective quality of a medium that determines
the quality of the communication and perception of others, 2. self-projection onto the group, and 3. identification with the
group) and different aspects of perceived learning in online discussion groups were tested. Six hundreds and fifty nine students
completed a web-based questionnaire that was distributed via 50 course Websites. Self projection, perception of others and
identification with the group correlated positively with each other. They also correlated positively with most aspects of
perceived learning. The subjective quality of the medium did not correlate with these conceptions and also did not correlate
with any aspects of perceived learning. Thus, social presence may afford learning by setting a convenient climate. Alternatively,
it may contribute only to the socioemotional source of perceived learning while leaving cognitive source unaffected.
相似文献
Avner CaspiEmail: |
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Lappi H Valkonen-Korhonen M Georgiadis S Tarvainen MP Tarkka IM Karjalainen PA Lehtonen J 《Infant behavior & development》2007,30(4):546-556
The effects of eating on heart rate variability (HRV) differ between adults and newborns. This may reflect the impact of suckling on the overall psychophysiological and autonomic nervous system maturation. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether the reactions of HRV during feeding change towards the adult pattern during the first 6 months of life. In addition, the effects of non-nutritive and nutritive sucking on heart rate (HR) and HRV were compared. The participants were 23 infants on whom recordings were performed as newborns and at 6, 12 and 24 weeks old. Nutritive sucking caused an increase in HR and a decline in HRV. The results were consistent with previous reports of a decrease in high frequency components of HRV during feeding in newborns, reflecting a decrease in parasympathetic activity. This response was apparent in all four ages studied, and remained similar throughout the 6-month period. However, age as an independent factor seemed to influence both HR and HRV. Pacifier sucking had no significant effects on HRV at any age. The results demonstrate the physical strain that sucking imposes on the baby, with a specific autonomic nervous system response involved. We consider this response an essential part of the overall psychophysiological maturation of infants. 相似文献
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Fathers' and mothers' speech to infants was obtained during face-to-face interaction in a laboratory setting. Thirty-two father-infant pairs and 40 mother-infant pairs participated. Infants were divided equally by sex and among two age groups with mean ages of 3 and 9 months. Parental utterances were transcribed from videotapes. The utterances were analyzed in terms of their structure and content. There were many similarities in the structure of fathers' and mothers' speech. The speech of both parents was highly repetitive and contained many questions. There were also similarities in the content of fathers' and mothers' speech. Their belief in the infants' ability to think, feel, and act like persons was evident in their speech to the infants. The age of the infant was a significant factor in the analysis of many of the content categories. The sex of the infant and the sex of the parent were also significant factors in several of the analyses.This paper is based on a thesis submitted by the first author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree. Some of the data reported here were obtained under a grant from the Spencer Foundation to the second author. 相似文献
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Collaborative writing may evoke conflict between individuals’ feeling of contribution and their sense of ownership toward
the collective outcomes. The present study tested the relations between perceived psychological ownership, perceived quality
of the product, and perceived learning in five experimental conditions: two collaborative, two sharing, and a control. Analysis
of the changes made between versions revealed differences in quantity and in types of changes between collaboration, sharing,
and control conditions. Results showed that collaboration may improve the perceived quality of the written product more than
sharing or control. In addition, less intrusive collaboration seems to enhance the sense of perceived learning. The relation
between perceived ownership and perceived learning was mediated by perceived quality of the written product. We conclude that
students may avoid collaboration partly because they do not want to lose a sense of personal ownership or to lessen peer ownership. 相似文献