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991.
992.
The purpose of this study was to assess the roles of oral language and phonological awareness on reading performance in grade 3 bilingual students. Several hierarchical models assessed the best predictors of third grade English and Spanish word attack, word identification and reading comprehension. Predictor variables were measures of phonological awareness, expressive vocabulary, receptive vocabulary, and syntax in both English and Spanish. The results showed that within language contributions of expressive vocabulary and syntax best predicted literacy when compared to phonological awareness measures. 相似文献
993.
Johan Leman Ann Trappers Emily Brandon Xavier Ruppol 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2008,27(4):237-251
OECD figures (1998–2002) reveal a sharply increasing flow of foreign workers into European countries. Ethnic diversification
has become a generalized matter of fact. At the same time, rapidly developing technology and ‘intellectual globalization’
processes—the world wide web—have also become a reality. This complex cluster of changes has an impact on the perceptions
of the self and of the other. Multilayered belongings and paradoxical meanings enter into interethnic relations in sometimes
most surprising and unpredictable ways from outside of the boundaries of local communities. But the developments also create
new and very positive opportunities for education/schooling and social cohesion. The paper critically examines this changing
context and also Europe’s educational responses to the new challenges: the European Socrates programme, the initiatives in
the field of intercultural citizenship education and the issue of combating deprivation.
相似文献
Xavier RuppolEmail: |
994.
Despite a return of only $.53 on the dollar, state lotteries are extremely popular, especially among the poor, who play the most but can least afford to play. In two experiments conducted with low‐income participants, we examine how implicit comparisons with other income classes increase low‐income individuals' desire to play the lottery. In Experiment 1, participants were more likely to purchase lottery tickets when they were primed to perceive that their own income was low relative to an implicit standard. In Experiment 2, participants purchased more tickets when they considered situations in which rich people or poor people receive advantages, implicitly highlighting the fact that everyone has an equal chance of winning the lottery. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
995.
The allocation of attention, including the initial orienting and the subsequent dwell time, is affected by several bottom-up
and top-down factors. How item memory affects these processes, however, remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether item
memory affects attentional dwell time by using a modified version of the attentional blink (AB) paradigm. Across four experiments,
our results revealed that the AB was significantly affected by memory status (novel vs. old), but critically, this effect
depended on the ongoing memory context. Specifically, items that were unique in terms of memory status demanded more resources,
as measured by a protracted AB. The present findings suggest that a more comprehensive understanding of memory’s effects on
attention can be obtained by accounting for an item’s memorial context, as well as its individual item memory strength. Our
results provide new evidence that item memory and memory context play a significant role in the temporal allocation of attention. 相似文献
996.
Baer RA Smith GT Lykins E Button D Krietemeyer J Sauer S Walsh E Duggan D Williams JM 《Assessment》2008,15(3):329-342
Previous research on assessment of mindfulness by self-report suggests that it may include five component skills: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, and nonreactivity to inner experience. These elements of mindfulness can be measured with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). The authors investigated several aspects of the construct validity of the FFMQ in experienced meditators and nonmeditating comparison groups. Consistent with predictions, most mindfulness facets were significantly related to meditation experience and to psychological symptoms and well-being. As expected, relationships between the observing facet and psychological adjustment varied with meditation experience. Regression and mediation analyses showed that several of the facets contributed independently to the prediction of well-being and significantly mediated the relationship between meditation experience and well-being. Findings support the construct validity of the FFMQ in a combination of samples not previously investigated. 相似文献
997.
The Neuroethics Affinity Group of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH) met for the third time in October 2007 to review progress in the field of neuroethics and consider high-impact priorities for the future. Closely aligned with ASBH's own goals of recruiting junior scholars to bioethics and mentoring them to successful careers, the Neuroethics Affinity Group placed a call for new ideas to be presented at the Group meeting, specifically by junior attendees. One group responded with the idea to probe a new direction for neuroethics focused on the neuroscience of gender differences. In the spirit of full disclosure, two of the authors are a student (Chalfin) and fellow (Murphy) of the program I formerly directed at Stanford University. The third (Karkazis) is junior faculty there. The intellectual ownership of the ideas in the report below, however, are entirely theirs. Like lit torches in a juggling act, there are many directions this project can go. The report is a snapshot of these authors' first iteration of the concept of women's neuroethics. Many thanks are extended to participants of the ASBH Neuroethics Affinity Group meeting whose enthusiasm and feedback was immensely helpful in shaping the concept and moving it ahead. 相似文献
998.
Janice Bell Meisenhelder & Emily N. Chandler 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2001,40(2):323-330
The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship of frequency of prayer to eight subcategories of physical and mental health. As part of the ongoing Presbyterian Panel, 1,412 active Presbyterian pastors drawn from a national, random sample were surveyed by mail regarding their frequency of prayer and self-perceptions of health outcomes. The results indicated a high level of functioning overall for all eight categories of physical and mental health. Predictably, frequency of prayer was extremely skewed towards high frequency. Despite a lack of variation in both health and prayer, high frequency of prayer was significantly related to higher scores in three health outcomes: vitality, general health, and mental health. These relationships remained significant in the analysis even after controlling for the influence of demographic variables, such as gender and age. Various explanations of the results are explored. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Cathy A. Alessi John F. Schnelle Nahla Al-Samarrai Emily Farkas Patrice A. Cruise Joseph G. Ouslander 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》2000,6(4):315-323
A standardized method of assessing daytime drowsiness in frail nursing home residents has not been previously available. We present here the development and test characteristics of an instrument to measure daytime drowsiness in nursing home residents with cognitive and functional impairment, the Multiple Sleep Latency Test-Nursing Home (MSLT-NH). In a standardized manner, the resident is tested three times in one day (at 9 a.m., 11 a.m., and 1 p.m.) to measure the amount of time until the subject falls asleep. The average sleep latency (minutes to fall asleep) is the measure of interest. We tested the MSLT-NH in 95 residents from six community nursing homes in the Los Angeles area (82% of subjects were female; 81% were white, mean age was 86.6 years and mean score on the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] was 9.4). Interrater reliability of the MSLT-NH was quite good (correlations between raters ranged from 0.98 to 0.99; all p values were <.0001). Validity was assessed by comparing MSLT-NH results to simultaneous wrist activity estimation of sleep, and by comparing MSLT-NH findings to results from nighttime sleep estimation by wrist actigraphy the night prior to MSLT-NH. The percent agreement between MSLT-NH and wrist actigraph ranged from 77% to 79% MSLT-NH results were significantly associated with peak duration of nighttime sleep episodes the night prior to testing. The MSLT-NH was also quite acceptable for use in the NH setting. In conclusion, we have developed a promising measure of daytime drowsiness in NH residents. Further testing will help establish whether this test is a clinically useful measure of daytime drowsiness from medications or other conditions in the NH setting. 相似文献