Variable Sharing in Connexive Logic

Journal of Philosophical Logic - However broad or vague the notion of connexivity may be, it seems to be similar to the notion of relevance even when relevance and connexive logics have been shown...     

Development and validation of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire in Spanish police

The goal of the present study is to develop a questionnaire, with proper psychometric properties and current norms, to evaluate the burnout syndrome in Spain. The operative definition of burnout proposed by Maslach and Jackson is used to define three dimensions (Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal accomplishment). A total of 2,403 national Spanish police participated. Evidence of construct validity was checked through cross validation (showing a good fit of the three factors model to the data). Using the MBI, NEO-FII and CECAD evidence of convergent validity and criteria validity were developed (showing that the relations are similar to the ones that appear in other research). The discrimination, mean, standard deviation, and typical error of the average of the items composing the various dimensions were analyzed. Both the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) were calculated for each of the dimensions. The results showed good internal consistency (all α values > .85). Finally, the questionnaire was scaled using T scores. The psychometrical properties reported here support the use of this new questionnaire for the burnout evaluation in Spanish police.     

The global precedence effect is not affected in inhibition of return

This study assessed whether inhibitory processes occurring in IOR affect perceptual processing of hierarchically organised stimuli. Experiment 1 used a global/local task that presented stimuli to the left or the right side. Results showed a global task advantage and a larger interference in the local than in the global task—the global precedence effect (GPE). These effects were larger than in previous studies using centrally presented stimuli, which suggests a greater involvement of low spatial frequency analysis with peripheral than with central stimuli. Experiment 2 combined the global/local task with IOR. Results replicated those of Experiment 1 but there was no interaction with stimulus location. That is, the GPE was not affected in IOR. Thus, we conclude that the GPE and inhibitory processing occurring in IOR are subserved by different mechanisms.     

Boolean algebra and its extra-logical sources: the testimony of mary everest boole

Mary Everest, Boole's wife, claimed after the death of her husband that his logic had a psychological, pedagogical, and religious origin and aim rather than the mathematico-logical ones assigned to it by critics and scientists. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the validity of such a claim. The first section consists of an exposition of the claim without discussing its truthfulness; the discussion is left for the sections 2–4, in which some arguments provided by the examination of the inner consistency of Mary Everest's writings, Boole's own writings, and other sources, lead to the conclusion that there are sound reasons to accept Mary Everest's viewpoint.     

suspicion of sudden infant death syndrome & injuries to infants: the effects of type of death certifier,training, and economics

This paper examines the level of suspicion by death certifiers when ruling infant deaths as accidents. Data were gathered on economic factors, amount of training in death investigation received, and personal characteristics for 1995 from 776 medical examiners or coroners. Findings indicate that personal and social factors such as age, education, and population have negligible or no effects on the level of suspicion held by death certifiers in manner of death rulings for infants. The findings from this study do suggest there is potential for inaccurate rulings of infant death due to lack of training, education, and economic resources depending on the events surrounding an infant's death and whether the death certifier is a coroner or medical examiner.     

Empathy,Awareness of Others,and Action: How Feeling Empathy for One-Among-Others Motivates Helping the Others

Feeling empathy for a member of the group may result in either favoring this individual at the expense of the group or helping the entire group. We explain these intriguing findings by proposing that the combined influence of feeling empathy for one individual and awareness of others enhances willingness to help both the individual and the others (taken as individuals). The results of three experiments showed that inducing empathy for one individual promotes favoring him or her at the expense of the group, whereas inducing empathy for one-among-others leads to helping these others individually, instead of as a group. Furthermore, the awareness of others mediated the proposed one-among-others effect.     

Do We Really Care for the World? Testing the Link between Transcendental Change Values and the Quixoteism Motive

We conducted five studies to test the transcendental change constellation (TCC)–quixoteism hypothesis: The presence of a specific set of values labeled TCC elicits a motive with the ultimate goal of increasing the welfare of the world (quixoteism). First, the salience of the TCC increased the commitment to (Study 1) and preference for (Study 2) action aimed at improving the welfare of the world. Second, the centrality of the TCC was associated with the affective reaction towards (Study 3) and support for (Study 4) a prosocial initiative when the welfare of the world was previously threatened and the initiative was aimed at improving such welfare. In Study 5, the centrality of the TCC was related to a quixotic style of life.     

Memoria y adquisición del conocimiento

RESUMEN

En este artículo se sitúan los trabajos clásicos de Craik y Lockhart y Craik y Tulving en el contexto del estudio global de la memoria. Se destaca el énfasis de los dos últimos en los procesos en detrimento de las descripciones estructurales, situando la clave en el nivel de profundidad al que se procese la información y subrayando la importancia de relacionarla con nuestro conocimiento del mundo. Con relación al estudio de Craik y Tulving se examinan tres cuestiones fundamentales: el procedimiento de aprendizaje incidental, el concepto de profundidad de procesamiento y la noción de memoria episódica. Para ello revisan algunos estudios que cuestionan que el procesamiento tenga lugar únicamente de abajo a arriba a través de una jerarquía de estadios fijos -según propusieron Craik y Lockhart-, abordando diversos intentos de especificar el concepto de nivel de profundidad. La última parte se reserva al problema de identificar la noción de significado psicológico con la noción de significado procedente de la Lingüística, presentando las aportaciones de los teóricos “neogibsonianos”. El trabajo finaliza con algunas reflexiones respecto al concepto de memoria episódica aportado por Tulving.     

Entrevista con Juan D. Delius

RESUMEN

Juan D. Delius es profesor de Psicología Experimental Animal y responsable del laboratorio del mismo nombre en el instituto de Psicología de la universidad del Ruhr y es discípulo de Niko Tinbergen. En esta entrevista, el profesos Delius reflexiona sobre los avances recientes en Psicobiología y su importancia para el desarrollo de la Psicología científica, sobre la necesidad de formación psicobiológica de los psicólogos y las necesidades y posibilidades de organización racional de los estudios de psicología. Se realiza una profunda reflexión importante, en esta etapa de redefinición de la organización académica en España, sobre la organización académica de las enseñanzas de psicología y de la investigación universitaria.