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961.
962.
Compañ V Feixas G Varlotta-Domínguez N Torres-Viñals M Aguilar-Alonso A Dada G Angel Saúl L 《Journal of constructivist psychology》2011,24(1):56-77
Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by the presence of diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal pain of unknown etiology. Clinical diagnosis and the merely palliative treatments considerably affect the patient's experience and the chronic course of the disease. Therefore, several authors have emphasized the need to explore issues related to self in these patients. The repertory grid technique (RGT), derived from personal construct theory, is a method designed to assess the patient's construction of self and others. A group of women with fibromyalgia (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) were assessed using RGT. Women with fibromyalgia also completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and a visualanalogue scale for pain, and painful tender points were explored. Results suggest that these women had a higher present self-ideal self discrepancy and a lower perceived adequacy of others, and it was more likely to find implicative dilemmas among them compared to controls. These dilemmas are a type of cognitive conflict in which the symptom is construed as "enmeshed" with positive characteristics of the self. Finally, implications of these results for the psychological treatment of fibromyalgia are suggested to give a more central role to self-identity issues and to the related cognitive conflicts. 相似文献
963.
Deschaux O Motanis H Spennato G Moreau JL Garcia R 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,95(4):510-518
Post-extinction exposure of rats to a sub-conditioning procedure can evoke conditioned fear, which may correspond to fear return and/or fear learning potentiation. The aim of the present study was to clarify this issue and examine the effects of tetanic stimulation of the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), two brain regions implicated in post-extinction modulation of conditioned fear. Rats were initially submitted to five tone-shock pairings with either a 0.7-mA or 0.1-mA shock. Tone-evoked freezing was observed only with the higher shock intensity, indicating that the 0.1-mA shock corresponded to a sub-conditioning procedure. All conditioned rats underwent fear extinction with 20 tone-alone trials. When retrained with the sub-conditioning procedure, they displayed again tone-evoked freezing, except when the initial tone was unpaired or a new tone was paired with the 0.1-mA shock, demonstrating fear return rather than fear learning potentiation. We also found that HPC and mPFC tetanic stimulations, applied 24h after the sub-conditioning procedure, similarly reduced this fear return. However, mPFC inactivation abolished temporary HPC tetanus effect, whereas HPC inactivation did not interfere with mPFC tetanus effect. These data confirm our previous findings and reveal the nature of HPC-mPFC interactions in post-extinction modulation of conditioned fear. 相似文献
964.
Van der Jeugd A Ahmed T Burnouf S Belarbi K Hamdame M Grosjean ME Humez S Balschun D Blum D Buée L D'Hooge R 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,95(3):296-304
We evaluated various forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in THY-Tau22 transgenic mice, a murine tauopathy model that expresses double-mutated 4-repeat human tau, and shows neuropathological tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation throughout the brain. Focussing on hippocampus, immunohistochemical studies in aged THY-Tau22 mice revealed prominent hyper- and abnormal phosphorylation of tau in CA1 region, and an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampus, but without signs of neuronal loss. These mice displayed spatial, social, and contextual learning and memory defects that could not be reduced to subtle neuromotor disability. The behavioral defects coincided with changes in hippocampal synaptic functioning and plasticity as measured in paired-pulse and novel long-term depression protocols. These results indicate that hippocampal tauopathy without neuronal cell loss can impair neural and behavioral plasticity, and further show that transgenic mice, such as the THY-Tau22 strain, might be useful for preclinical research on tauopathy pathogenesis and possible treatment. 相似文献
965.
In two experiments we tested the hypothesis that cognitive processing based on spatial imagery produces more deterioration of visual perception than cognitive processing based on verbal codes. So, we studied the effect on visual perception of two cognitive tasks, one of spatial imagery and the other a verbal task. In the first one, with 30 participants, we analyzed the mental load and ocular behaviors in both cognitive tasks. In the second experiment, with 29 participants, we studied the effect of both tasks on a visual search task, using a dual-task experimental paradigm. The verbal task presented higher mental load than the imagery task when both tasks were carried out with visual search task, and there was more deterioration in stimulus detection with the verbal task. We can conclude that: (1) cognitive tasks produce important deterioration in the capacities of visual search and identification of stimuli; (2) this deterioration has two components: (a) an inefficient search, associated with alterations of the gaze patterns while performing cognitive tasks, and (b) a general interference, nonspecific to spatial codes, in the process of identification of looked-at stimuli; (3) this cognitive interference is related to the mental load or effort required by the cognitive task. 相似文献
966.
We review and discuss A. H. Louie’s book “More than Life Itself: A Reflexion on Formal Systems and Biology” from an interdisciplinary
viewpoint, involving both biology and mathematics, taking into account new developments and related theories. 相似文献
967.
Megías JL Romero-Sánchez M Durán M Moya M Bohner G 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2011,14(2):912-925
Two studies were conducted with college students to validate the Spanish-language version of the "Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression" scale (AMMSA) (Gerger, Kley, Bohner & Siebler, 2007). This scale assesses modern myths about sexual aggression in a subtle way. In Study 1, 305 students completed the Spanish AMMSA and other scales with related content. In Study 2, 263 participants completed the Spanish AMMSA and answered questions about a hypothetical sexual assault perpetrated by a young man against a female acquaintance. The Spanish AMMSA showed high internal consistency and adequate evidence of validity in both studies. Compared to traditional scales of rape myth acceptance, mean scores on the AMMSA were higher and their distributions more closely approximated normality. These findings suggest that the Spanish version of the AMMSA scale is a useful instrument to study the social perception of sexual aggression. 相似文献
968.
Piqueras JA Olivares J Hidalgo MD Vera-Villarroel P Marzo JC 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2011,14(2):977-989
The aim of this work was to update the validation of the Social Anxiety Screening Scale (SASS/EDAS) in a sample of Spanish adolescents. To achieve this, one study with a sample of 1489 students in secondary education, of ages 14 to 17 years, were carried out. The psychometric properties of EDAS were examined through confirmatory factor analysis, reliability (Cronbach's alpha), temporal stability (test-retest), and concurrent criterion validity. The results supported the three-independent-factor structure (avoidance, distress and interference), that showed best fit indices compared to alternative models. They also showed that the scores of participants on EDAS scales were reliable in terms of internal consistency (alpha > .80) and moderately reliable concerning temporal stability (r = .48-.60) over a five-week period. The correlations between the EDAS factors and other social anxiety measures were positive and significant. Data provide empirical evidence of the estimation of reliability and validity of this scale. Future work should extend the validation of the EDAS in clinical samples. 相似文献
969.
Oliver Dickhäuser Marc-André Reinhard Chris Englert 《Social Psychology of Education》2011,14(4):519-528
The importance of performance expectancies for the prediction of regulation of behavior and actual performance has long been
established. Building on theories from the field of social cognition, we suggest that the level of performance expectancies,
as well as the certainty of the expectancy, have a joint influence on an individual’s beliefs and behavior. In two studies
(one cross sectional using a sample of secondary school students and one longitudinal using a sample of university students)
we found that expectancies more strongly predicted persistence, and subsequent performance, the more certain the expectancy
was. This pattern was found even if prior performance was controlled, as in Study 2. The data give an indication that it may
be useful to include certainty as an additional variable in expectancy models. 相似文献
970.
This two-wave longitudinal study examines the ability of life satisfaction and adjustment strategies to predict anxious and
depressive symptoms in coronary heart disease male patients. Studies have shown that most heart attack survivors report these
symptoms, which may worsen the prognosis of the disease. At Time 1, immediately after the first cardiac episode, eighty-eight
men reported their life satisfaction levels, adjustment strategies used, and anxious and depressive symptoms experienced.
At Time 2, six months later, sixty-three of those patients reported only their anxious and depressive symptoms again. The
results showed that, after controlling for demographic variables, anxious and depressive symptoms at Time 1 were predicted
by positive adjustment and life satisfaction. At Time 2, after controlling for both demographic variables and Time 1-emotional
symptoms, none of the psychological variables predicted anxious symptoms, while depressive symptoms were only predicted by
life satisfaction. It is concluded that an adequate level of life satisfaction may help to decrease emotional distress, both
short and long term, while the use of positive adjustment strategies is especially important immediately after diagnosis. 相似文献