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Evidence suggests that both men and women perpetrate sexual coercion. Psychological factors, including psychopathic traits and power motivations, have been proposed to characterize male-perpetrated sexual coercion; however, it is unclear whether these factors play a similar role in female-perpetrated coercion or whether other motivations (e.g., intimacy, affect regulation) should be considered. To improve our understanding in this area, the current study first examined relationships between psychopathic traits and sexual coercion in a sample of 1199 undergraduate students (756 women), with gender as a potential moderator of these relationships. Second, the role of motivations for sex (e.g., power, affect regulation) in accounting for the psychopathy-coercion relationship was examined in men and women. Data were collected using an online survey and analyzed using multigroup path analysis. Results implicated impulsive-antisocial traits as particularly important to male-perpetrated verbal (e.g., manipulative) and nonverbal (e.g., physical) coercion, and that this relationship was partially explained by motives for sex involving power. In contrast, psychopathic traits did not appear to play a major role in female perpetrated coercion; instead, emotional value (i.e., intimacy-related) motivations for sex were associated with verbal (e.g., manipulation) coercion in women. In sum, our results support a conceptual model of male perpetration where men who are high in impulsive-antisocial traits may engage in sexual coercion in an attempt to feel powerful. Further, the findings in the female sample suggest that factors other than psychopathy, such as gender role beliefs in regard to sexual encounters, may be particularly important to female perpetrated sexually coercive behavior. 相似文献
243.
选取语音意识和快速自动命名双重缺陷的汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童,探讨其言语工作记忆和阅读能力的发展特点。实验选取双重缺陷的发展性阅读障碍(DD)、年龄匹配(CA)和能力匹配(RL)三组儿童各25名,要求他们完成言语工作记忆(数字广度、汉字广度)和阅读(一分钟词汇阅读、三分钟句子阅读)任务。结果发现,DD儿童的数字倒背位数、一分钟读词数、三分钟读过字数和句子理解正确率均显著低于CA儿童,而与RL儿童差异不显著;DD儿童的句子阅读正确率显著低于CA、RL儿童。表明双重缺陷DD儿童在言语工作记忆和阅读能力上存在一定程度的发展滞后和缺陷。 相似文献
244.
为了探讨结直肠癌转移的临床特点,对我院于2000年1月-2007年12月收治的12例结肠转移癌患者的诊疗及预后进行了回顾性分析。结果显示,12例结肠转移癌患者,原发肿瘤分别来源于胃癌5例,肺癌3例,乳腺癌2例,胰腺癌1例,胆囊癌1例,提示结肠转移癌在临床上并不多见,提示患者已经出现广泛转移且预后不良。 相似文献
245.
246.
共情指个体感知或想象他人的情感, 并部分体验到他人感受的心理过程。共情包括情感共情和认知共情两个独立成分。情感共情的神经网络包括前脑岛(AI)、前扣带回(ACC)以及镜像神经系统(MNS), 认知共情的核心脑区是腹内侧前额叶(vmPFC)。共情的神经网络在个体发展中逐渐成熟并受到认知评价的调节。另外, 催产素和催产素受体基因多态性与共情密切联系。未来应该深入研究躯体感觉皮质在疼痛共情中的作用, 共情和亲身情感体验的神经网络的区别, 开展催产素改善共情缺陷个体的干预研究, 采用脑成像基因技术研究基因多态性与共情神经网络的关系以及提高共情研究范式的生态效度。 相似文献
247.
以天津市和甘肃省的教师为被试,探讨了教师社会化过程的影响因素结构,形成了《教师社会化影响因素问卷》。结果表明:(1)教师社会化过程主要受学校社会化策略、教师主动社会化策略、同事支持和家长配合四方面因素的影响;(2)《教师社会化影响因素问卷》具有较好的内部一致性信度、结构效度和区分效度,可作为开展相关研究的评定工具。 相似文献
248.
<尚书>中的"德"包含族德、政德、己德三层互生互摄的维度,三者都是紧紧围绕着君王治政行为的臧否而得以展开的,其基本内涵不同于且要早于<论语>等次生性元其中的伦理之"德",成为先秦诸子有关"德政"命题再思考的源头活水,并随着汉代<尚书>位尊而逐步施加影响于两汉治政活动之中,最终形成了极具影响力的"德治"精神,至今仍有其鲜活的时代价值. 相似文献
249.
Visual word recognition studies commonly measure the orthographic similarity of words using Coltheart’s orthographic neighborhood
size metric (ON). Although ON reliably predicts behavioral variability in many lexical tasks, its utility is inherently limited
by its relatively restrictive definition. In the present article, we introduce a new measure of orthographic similarity generated
using a standard computer science metric of string similarity (Levenshtein distance). Unlike ON, the new measure—named orthographic Levenshtein distance 20 (OLD20)—incorporates comparisons between all pairs of words in the lexicon, including words of different lengths. We demonstrate
that OLD20 provides significant advantages over ON in predicting both lexical decision and pronunciation performance in three
large data sets. Moreover, OLD20 interacts more strongly with word frequency and shows stronger effects of neighborhood frequency
than does ON. The discussion section focuses on the implications of these results for models of visual word recognition. 相似文献
250.
Yuhong V. Jiang Won Mok Shim Tal Makovski 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2008,70(8):1581-1591
Previous studies have shown that the number of objects we can actively hold in visual working memory is smaller for more complex objects. However, complex objects are not just more complex but are often more similar to other complex objects used as test probes. To separate effects of complexity from effects of similarity, we measured visual memory following a 1-sec delay for complex and simple objects at several levels of memory-to-test similarity. When memory load was one object, memory accuracy for a face (a complex attribute) was similar to a line orientation (a simple attribute) when the face changed in steps of 10% along a morphing continuum and the line changed in steps of 5° in orientation. Performance declined with increasing memory load and increasing memory-to-test similarity. Remarkably, when memory load was three or four objects, face memory was better than orientation memory at similar changed steps. These results held when memory for line orientations was compared with that for inverted faces. We conclude that complex objects do not always exhaust visual memory more quickly than simple objects do. 相似文献