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11.
Item order can bias learners’ study decisions and undermine the use of more effective allocation strategies, such as allocating
study time to items in one’s region of proximal learning. In two experiments, we evaluated whether the influence of item order
on study decisions reflects habitual responding based on a reading bias. We manipulated the order in which relatively easy,
moderately difficult, and difficult items were presented from left to right on a computer screen and examined selection preference
as a function of item order and item difficulty. Experiment 1a was conducted with native Arabic readers and in Arabic, and Experiment 1b was conducted with native English readers and in English. Students from both cultures prioritized items for study in the
reading order of their native language: Arabic readers selected items for study in a right-to-left fashion, whereas English
readers largely selected items from left to right. In Experiment 2, native English readers completed the same task as participants in Experiment 1b, but for some participants, lines of text were rotated upside down to encourage them to read from right to left. Participants
who read upside-down text were more likely to first select items on the right side of an array than were participants who
studied right-side-up text. These results indicate that reading habits can bias learners’ study decisions and can undermine
agenda-based regulation. 相似文献
12.
13.
Yasmin Ibrahim 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(1):37-51
Since the bombing of the twin towers, ‘Islam’ as a cultural narrative has entered a new temporal phase which in many ways
signifies the re-imagining of a religion through the visual imagery of 9/11 and the global events which have unfolded since
the apocalyptic images were first witnessed by the world. The distant proximity of 9/11 and the relocation of the perceived
Islamic ‘resurgent atavism’ within the heartlands of power in Western soil constitute the formation of a new sociological
imagination of Islam and 9/11 as a new liminal temporality. The association of the religion with a new category of risks in
urban sites and the constant state of insecurity in seemingly secure spaces represents a new narrative phase of geo-politics
in which the locus of this re-imagining mediated through ICTs, is one that happens not just in faraway places but within the
‘ontological securities’ of Western modernity, posing a liquid threat which is impervious to territorially bounded spheres. 相似文献
14.
Hifumi Ohnishi Farah A. Ibrahim Steven V. Owen 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2001,20(3):250-259
This research describes an exploratory factor analysis for the purposes of factorial validation for both the English and Japanese
versions of the Objective Measure of Ego-Identity Status (OMEIS)—Ideological version (Adams, Bennion, & Huh, 1989). The Japanese
OMEIS is a direct translation of the English OMEIS (Ohnishi, 1998). The study reports the factor structure of the OMEIS—Ideological
version in English and Japanese. A principal factor analysis (PFA) with both oblique and orthogonal solutions was performed.
Alpha reliabilities for the factors are presented. The present research compares and contrasts the factor structures of OMEIS—Ideological
version, derived from a U.S. sample and a Japanese sample, comprising women from late adulthood to middle age. Cultural differences
between the two sample populations are explored. 相似文献
15.
Ibrahim M. Abu‐Rabi’ 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》1997,8(1):85-97
The primary condition for the progress, or indeed the survival, of human societies is their effective coalescence into one human society’ (Zurayk 1994, 96). 相似文献
16.
Diego Sarracino Giancarlo Dimaggio Rawezh Ibrahim Raffaele Popolo Sandra Sassaroli Giovanni M. Ruggiero 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2017,35(3):278-295
ABC-DEF framework is at the core of rational emotive behavior therapy. It is a highly flexible framework and has proven to be applicable to many emotional disorders. We cannot take for granted, however, that this framework can be used successfully with all clients, particularly with those suffering from severe disorders or personality disorders. In fact, the difficulties of these clients in recognizing, naming and reflecting upon states of mind, their dysregulated emotions and self-defeating behavior, and their difficulty in establishing a strong working alliance with a therapist may hamper the correct implementation of the ABC-DEF framework and the disputing of their irrational beliefs. This paper aims to describe in detail the challenges that clients with personality disorders may pose during treatment and offer possible technical suggestions, derived from either REBT or non-REBT literature, that can help REBT and CBT practitioners adapting their interventions to resistant clients. 相似文献
17.
Abdul Halim Ibrahim Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen 《Science and engineering ethics》2018,24(5):1493-1502
Rapid development in the area of assisted reproductive technology (ART), has benefited mankind by addressing reproductive problems. However, the emergence of new technologies and techniques raises various issues and discussions among physicians and the masses, especially on issues related to bioethics. Apart from solutions provided using conventional bioethics framework, solutions can also be derived via a complementary framework of bioethics based on the Higher Objectives of the Divine Law (Maqasid al-Shariah) in tackling these problems. This approach in the Islamic World has been applied and localised in the Malaysian context. Thus, this paper highlights a conceptual theoretical framework for solving current bioethical issues, with a special focus on ART in the Malaysian context, and compares this theory with conventional theories of bioethics. 相似文献
18.
Thomas Li-Ping Tang Abdul H. Safwat Ibrahim 《International journal of stress management》1998,5(1):25-37
This study examined the importance of needs during the retrospective peacetime in 1990 and the Persian Gulf War in 1991 using a sample of 378 employees in the Middle East. Results of factor analyses identified three levels of needs during peacetime and wartime. Factor structures of needs did change from peacetime to wartime and were different. The patterns of needs identified in this study were different from needs theories developed in the U.S. Results were discussed in light of cultural differences, available resources in the environment, and the Persian Gulf War. 相似文献
19.
Allegra X. Campagna Eric D. Desmarais Brian French Joshua J. Underwood Mirjana Majdandžić Roseriet Beijers Carolina de Weerth Eun Gyoung Lee Blanca Huitron Emine Ahmetoglu Oana Benga Katri Raikkonen Kati Heinonen Carmen Gonzalez-Salinas Helena Slobodskaya Elena Kozlova Maria Beatriz Martins Linhares Felipe Lecannelier Sara Casalin Ibrahim Acar Soile Tuovinen Zhengyan Wang Rosario Montirosso Lorenzo Giusti Seong-Yeon Park Sae-Young Han Samuel Putnam Maria A. Gartstein 《Infant and child development》2023,32(5):e2443
Early temperament attributes have been linked to emerging behaviour problems and significant long-term consequences; however, these relations are rarely examined cross-culturally. The present study addresses this gap, employing multilevel modelling to explain within- and between-culture variances with respect to temperament predicting a spectrum of behaviour problems across 14 nations from the Joint Effort Toddler Temperament Consortium (JETTC). A total of 865 children between 17 and 40 months, with approximately equal age distribution across this developmental period and about equivalent representation of genders, were recruited from 14 nations. Greater negative emotionality was associated with more internalizing problems, whereas higher surgency and effortful control predicted fewer internalizing difficulties. Controlling for age and gender, temperament explained significant within- and between-culture variances in internalizing and externalizing problems (at the broad-band and fine-grained levels), as well as sleep problems. For internalizing difficulties, temperament accounted for more between-culture variance. In contrast, for externalizing difficulties, temperament accounted more for how individuals within the same culture differed from their same-culture counterparts. The within-culture findings suggest universal patterns of temperament-problem relations, informing cultural adaptation of interventions; between-culture findings enhance understanding of the implications of the cultural niche for normative behaviour and adjustment. 相似文献
20.
Ronald P. Rohner Diane L. Putnick Alex D. Molaver Sumbleen Ali M. Mussaffa Butt Dara M. Ibrahim Cecilia Aurino Marjolijn J. M. Blom Fatima H. Darwesh Stefania Auricchio Araz H. Radha Maria C. Miranda Kari Adamsons Vincenzo Paolo Senese 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(4):590-600
Drawing stimulus from interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory, this multicultural study examined relations between men's versus women's remembrances of maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection in childhood and their current level of loneliness, as mediated by adults' self-reported psychological maladjustment. Adults (N = 899) from five nations (Iraq, Italy, the Netherlands, Pakistan, and the United States) responded to the Adult version of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire-short form for mothers and fathers, the Adult version of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire-short form, and the Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Loneliness Scale. Adults' remembrances of maternal and paternal rejection in childhood significantly and independently predicted feelings of loneliness but remembered paternal rejection was more strongly related to these feelings than were remembrances of maternal rejection. Psychological maladjustment fully mediated the effect of remembered maternal rejection but only partially mediated the effect of remembered paternal rejection on loneliness. There were no significant differences in these results across the five countries or genders. Overall, the results suggest that adults' remembrances of parental rejection in childhood—along with the theoretically expected development of psychological maladjustment—are likely to be associated panculturally with the experience of loneliness in adulthood. 相似文献