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981.
982.
Susan E. Hill 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2004,7(2):108-114
Abstract. This paper explores the use of the educational pilgrimage as an active learning strategy in the introductory world religions course. As we study pilgrimages from different religious traditions throughout the semester using Victor Turner as our theoretical guide, students also plan their own campus pilgrimage, paying homage to sites that help them reach their educational goals. Using student comments and my own observations, I highlight the ways in which the educational pilgrimage both affirms and raises critical questions about Turner's theory of pilgrimage. In this way, the educational pilgrimage is an opportunity for students to enhance and clarify their understanding of theory through practice. 相似文献
983.
984.
Sarah Knox Alan W. Burkard Julie Janecek Nathan T. Pruitt Shauna L. Fuller Clara E. Hill 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2011,24(1):55-69
We interviewed 14 clinical and counseling psychology faculty regarding their experiences chairing positive and problematic dissertations. Data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research (CQR). Participants reported that advisors’ roles involved guiding/facilitating dissertations and helping students shape research ideas; students’ roles included taking responsibility, working independently, and maintaining good relationships with the chair/committee. With positive dissertation experiences, chairs and students collaborated before the dissertation, worked together well during the dissertation, and students began the dissertation feeling competent and motivated; such dissertations positively affected participants. Problematic dissertation experiences evinced difficult relationships between chair and student, and students’ low research capability; such dissertations negatively affected participants. 相似文献
985.
Gammon AD Rothwell E Simmons R Lowery JT Ballinger L Hill DA Boucher KM Kinney AY 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):625-638
This study was an investigation of awareness, cognitions, and psychosocial and educational needs related to genetic counseling
and testing among Latinas and non-Latina whites at increased risk for having a BRCA1/2 mutation. Sixty-three Latina and eighty-four non-Latina white women completed telephone surveys employing a mixture of quantitative
and qualitative questions assessing awareness, benefits, risks, barriers, and genetic counseling communication preferences
regarding BRCA1/2 testing. Among participants who had not previously had genetic counseling/testing, 56.9% of Latinas (29/51) and 34.8% of
non-Latina white participants (24/69) were unaware of the availability of BRCA1/2 testing. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, Latina ethnicity was the only statistically significant independent
factor associated with lack of awareness (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19–0.35). No appreciable differences were noted between ethnic
groups regarding perceived benefits of BRCA1/2 testing or desired genetic counseling topics. These findings underscore the importance of increasing awareness of cancer
genetic counseling and genetic testing among both Latina and non-Latina white populations. 相似文献
986.
987.
Malkki HA Donga LA de Groot SE;NeuroBSIK Mouse Phenomics Consortium Battaglia FP Pennartz CM 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,96(2):280-287
Extinction of instrumental responses is an essential skill for adaptive behavior such as foraging. So far, only few studies have focused on extinction following appetitive conditioning in mice. We studied extinction of appetitive operant lever-press behavior in six standard inbred mouse strains (A/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, BALB/cByJ and NOD/Ltj) and eight recombinant inbred mouse lines. From the response rates at the end of operant and extinction training we computed an extinction index, with higher values indicating better capability to omit behavioral responding in absence of reward. This index varied highly across the mouse lines tested, and the variability was partially due to a significant heritable component of 12.6%.To further characterize the relationship between operant learning and extinction, we calculated the slope of the time course of extinction across sessions. While many strains showed a considerable capacity to omit responding when lever pressing was no longer rewarded, we found a few lines showing an abnormally high perseveration in lever press behavior, showing no decay in response scores over extinction sessions.No correlation was found between operant and extinction response scores, suggesting that appetitive operant learning and extinction learning are dissociable, a finding in line with previous studies indicating that these forms of learning are dependent on different brain areas. These data shed light on the heritable basis of extinction learning and may help develop animal models of addictive habits and other perseverative disorders, such as compulsive food seeking and eating. 相似文献
988.
ROBIN I. M. DUNBAR 《Personal Relationships》2011,18(3):439-452
Communication is important in preventing social relationships from decaying over time. This study examined the effects of social network size, emotional closeness, and type of relationship (kinship vs. friendship) on communication patterns in the social networks of 251 women. Participants with large kin networks had longer times to last contact to both kin and friends. Participants with high levels of emotional closeness in their networks had shorter times to last contact. The effect of emotional closeness on time to last contact was greater for kin than for friends. These results demonstrate that time to last contact is closely tied to emotional closeness and suggest that the costs of maintaining kin relationships are lower than the costs of maintaining friendships. 相似文献
989.
In communities of high biodiversity, the ability to distinguish predators from non-predators is crucial for prey success.
Learning often plays a vital role in the ability to distinguish species that are threatening from those that are not. Many
prey animals learn to recognise predators based on a single conditioning event whereby they are exposed to the unknown predator
at the same time as alarm cues released from injured conspecifics. The remarkable efficiency of such learning means that recognition
mistakes may occur if prey inadvertently learn that a species is a predator when it is not. Latent inhibition is a means by
which prey that are pre-exposed to an unknown species in the absence of negative reinforcement can learn that the unknown
animal is likely not a threat. Learning through latent inhibition should be conservative because mistakenly identifying predators
as non-predators can have fatal consequences. In this study, we demonstrated that a common coral reef fish, lemon damselfish,
Pomacentrus moluccensis can learn to recognise a predator as non-threatening through latent inhibition. Furthermore, we showed that we could override
the latent inhibition effect by conditioning the prey to recognise the predator numerous times. Our results highlight the
ability of prey fish to continually update the information regarding the threat posed by other fishes in their vicinity. 相似文献
990.