启动情绪和呈现方式对错误记忆的影响

采用DRM范式(Deese-Roediger-Mc Dermott paradigm),考察了启动情绪状态下词表项目的呈现方式对错误记忆的影响。结果发现:(1)启动情绪主效应不显著。(2)词表项目的呈现方式主效应显著。(3)启动情绪与呈现方式间存在交互作用。在愉快启动情绪状态下分组呈现的错误再认率明显高于随机呈现条件;当词表项目分组呈现时,三种情绪状态下的错误再认率有显著差异,其中愉快启动情绪下的错误再认率最高,其次是悲伤情绪,最低的为对照组—非启动情绪状态。说明启动的愉快情绪增强了对关键诱饵的连续激活累积效应,从而导致对关键诱饵较高的错误再认率。     

Tainted recommendations: The social comparison bias

The present analysis reveals the social comparison bias – a bias that emerges from the social comparison process and taints recommendations. We hypothesize that people who have high standing on a relevant dimension (e.g., quantity of publications) begin to protect their social comparison context by making recommendations that prevent others, who might surpass them on the relevant dimension, from entering their comparison context. Studies 1 and 2 instantiate this effect in both hypothetical and real decision situations, showing that people tend not to recommend individuals who surpass them on the relevant dimension on which they have high standing. Finally, Study 3, in a sample of real employees, links the effect to one’s concern for protecting self-esteem. Theoretical and organizational implications are discussed.     

释“顺民”:犹太人在伊斯兰世界中的法律和社会地位

犹太人在伊斯兰教法中属于"顺民".<欧麦尔条约>是伊斯兰传统规范"顺民"地位最基本的文件,它反映了穆斯林和信仰其他一神教的非穆斯林之间的一种契约关系:犹太人和基督徒只要接受条约中的限制性条款就享有宗教自由.在不同历史时期,条约得到力度不同的执行,由此引发了西方学界对犹太人在伊斯兰世界流散的两种不同评价.     

左主干或多支冠脉病变的选择:PCI或CABG?

近年来,PCI技术越来越多地实践于左主干和多支冠脉病变,但与CABG相比,其疗效一直受到质疑。本文对近年来PCI和CABG的疗效比较做一总结,发现对于左主干和冠脉多支病变,CABG仍优于PCI。但随着生产力水平的发展和社会需求越来越高的双重作用下,两项技术都必然会有新的发展,两者疗效的比较还会继续,我们将拭目以待。     

左主干或多支冠脉病变的选择:PCI或CABG?

近年来,PCI技术越来越多地实践于左主干和多支冠脉病变,但与CABG相比,其疗效一直受到质疑.本文对近年来PCI和CABG的疗效比较做一总结,发现对于左主干和冠脉多支病变,CABG仍优于PCI.但随着生产力水平的发展和社会需求越来越高的双重作用下,两项技术都必然会有新的发展,两者疗效的比较还会继续,我们将拭目以待.     

Perception and Expressing Habits of Smiling and Angry Expressions Modulated by Facial Physical Attractiveness in Asian Female Persons

In this study, we investigated the effects of facial physical attractiveness on perception and expressing habit of smiling and angry expressions. In experiment 1, 20 participants rated 60 photo subjects’ smiling and angry expressions of uncontrolled physical expression configuration. The results showed that for the angry faces, the perceived expression intensity and the expression naturalness in the attractive group were significantly stronger than those in the unattractive group; for the smiling faces, this attractiveness bias was not observed. In experiment 2, using artificial expressions made by an identical expression template, interestingly, the perceived expression intensity and the expression naturalness of the smiling faces in the attractive group were stronger than those in the unattractive group, while the impression strength of anger between the two groups was approximately the same. A comparison of the two observations suggests that facial physical attractiveness can enhance the perceived intensity of a smiling expression but not an angry expression, and that the inconsistencies between the two experiments are due to the difference of expressing habits between unattractive and attractive persons. These results have implications as regards the effect of facial attractiveness on the expressing habits of expression senders and the person’s development of social skills.     

大学应当提供什么样的人文教育--从《大学人文读本》之旨趣谈起

本文从夏中义先生主编的《大学人文读本》的旨趣入手,考察了中西方关于人文一词的来源及涵义,认为人文的内涵是随着人对宇宙人生的真理和价值的认识而不断加深和丰富的,大学的人文教育则旨在型塑人对自身在宇宙中的地位、意义和价值的觉解,人的丰厚蕴涵、独特自我、高尚人格、高雅品德,以及人与人、人与社会、人与自然的良性关系。由此反思了《读本》的缺弊,并为中国大学的人文教育提出一愿景。     

中小学生阅读不同配图课文的眼动研究

使用ASL-4200R型眼动仪,采用3×2×2的三因素混合设计,对77名中小学生阅读不同配图课文进行了考察。结果表明:(1)中小学生阅读不同配图难度课文的阅读成绩、阅读时间等阅读理解指标,以及注视频率、注视点持续时间和眼跳距离等眼动指标具有明显的年龄特征;(2)中小学生阅读不同配图课文的阅读成绩、阅读时间和阅读速度等阅读理解指标,以及注视次数和回视次数等眼动指标具有显著差异,示意图组显著优于实景图组;(3)中小学生阅读不同难度课文的注视频率和回视次数对阅读过程有非常显著的影响,易课文显著优于难课文。     

青少年攻击行为干预研究的新进展

攻击行为是影响青少年心理行为发展的重要因素,青少年某些心理行为发展结果也与攻击行为相关。因此．攻击行为发展作为一个世界性的课题引起了众多研究者的专注。该文从干预实质、干预发端、干预效果、干预方法等方面考察了国外近年来青少年攻击行为发展的研究成果。同时该文指出信息互联网络时代青少年攻击行为可能表现出新的特点。该文也指出现有研究的主要特点与未来研究的发展趋势。