预测性、语义倾向性对惯用语理解的影响

通过两个移动窗口阅读实验,探讨了不同预测性和语义倾向性的惯用语在不同语境下的阅读时间。实验一发现：倾向字面意义的惯用语在比喻意义语境下有抑制效应;倾向比喻意义的惯用语在字面意义语境下有抑制效应。实验二发现：低预测性惯用语在比喻意义语境下有抑制效应;高预测性惯用语在字面意义语境下有抑制效应。研究结果否认了惯用语已词汇化的观点,支持了结构假说的观点,证明惯用语的理解是一个构造过程。     

《周易》家人卦的家道要旨

《周易》家人卦的家道理论体系,由立家之道、安家之道和兴家之道构成,且三位一体而又层层递进。立家之道,源于“阴阳变易”之化生原理,宏于“阴顺阳威”;付之践行,始于“闲邪未蒙”,功在“厉威勿纵”,誉于“顺德利贞”。安家之道,据于“允执厥中”的象位原理,适于“中正合宜”;履之于家,固于“持守正道”,毅于“谨遵中德”,成于各安角色。兴家之道,基于“民安国泰”的系统法则,旨在“家齐国治”;行之于家,寓于“王假有家”,系于交感互爱,遵于唯变所适。整个家道理论体系是一个系统有机统一的整体,极具系统性与辩证性。     

The impact of monetary stimuli on object-based attention

Previous research has implied that monetary reward to target location (a reward for spatial properties) can affect object-based attention, but no study has directly investigated the influence of monetary objects (a reward for object properties) on object-based attention. Thus, it is unclear whether and how monetary objects can affect object-based attention. To experimentally investigate this problem, this study adapted the well-established two-rectangle paradigm. In Experiment 1, either two 100-yuan notes or two 1-yuan notes were presented to participants. We found an object-based effect with faster responses to targets at an uncued position on the cued object compared to those at an equidistant position on the uncued object; the effect was similar in 100-yuan and 1-yuan note trials. In Experiment 2, two notes (one 100-yuan and one 1-yuan) were simultaneously presented to participants, and cue location (100-yuan, 1-yuan) was manipulated. We found a greater object-based effect when the cue appeared on the 100-yuan note than on the 1-yuan note. These results suggest that the rewarding property of objects can affect object-based attention by means of altering object salience.     

大一新生需要特点的调查研究

了解大学生对自身需要的特点及其性别和专业的差异,有利于发展和提高大学生的综合素质.本文采用时建朴和王瑾提出的大学生21种需要分类,对哈尔滨市某高校大一新生进行了研究,结果发现大一新生最重要的的需要依次是心理素质的需要、知识能力的需要、自立的需要、求职的需要.而最不重要的需要依次是性的需要,权力的需要、助人的需要、躲避伤害的需要.大学生的自身需要特点在性别和专业间具有显著正相关.大学生的自身需要特点在总体上是积极健康的,进取向上的.大学生的助人需要强度较低,为求职而盲目追求各种证书的需要强度较高,应引起高校工作者的高度重视.     

5～6岁幼儿加法策略选择及执行特点

以220名5～6岁幼儿为被试,采用个别测查法,考察了幼儿策略选择和策略执行的发展特点.结果表明: (1)5～6岁幼儿能运用多种策略解决加法算术题,包括5种基本加法类型与3种数数亚类型. (2)幼儿主要选择支持性策略. (3)5～6岁幼儿策略执行呈多样性特点,各策略的执行正确率与速度不相同. (4)题目难度对幼儿的策略选择与执行存在影响.     

初中生的自尊、受益者特征与亲社会行为的关系

以初中一至三年级学生为对象,采用自尊量表（SES）和帮助行为调查问卷进行测查,以探讨自尊、受助者特征对其亲社会行为的影响。结果表明：（1）在社会道德认知和自我意愿层面上,大多数初中生能表现出积极的亲社会性助人趋向,部分学生的行为决策判定具有不一致性;（2）初中生的自尊程度不影响对他人需要的注意、归因以及行为方式的选择,但与帮助行为的价值取向、行为意愿等认知、情感因素有关,能直接影响自主性的亲社会行为;（3）初中生有关潜在受益者特征的某种认知结果及其相应的情感体验,对帮助型亲社会行为趋向有重要影响;（4）初中生的自尊及其所知觉的潜在量益者特征在亲社会行为趋向中交互作用不显著。     

《净土十要》的信心论

本文对明代高僧智旭编撰的《净土十要》中的净土信心论作了全面的论述,指出《净土十要》从天台、华严的心性论出发,建立了净土信心论的立足点。并以此为基础,分别从大乘佛教菩萨道信仰、因缘果报论、以及破斥狂禅偏见等等角度,全方位、多层次地论证净土信心,构建了一个完整的净土信心论体系。这样的体系的建立,对清以后中国佛教的发展有重大的影响。     

心境一致性对大学生外显和内隐记忆影响的实验研究

以96名大一本科生为被试,采用120张情绪效价人物图片,运用加工分离范式研究心境一致性对大学生内隐记忆的影响。结果发现：（1）心境一致性效应不仅存在于外显记忆,而且也存在于内隐记忆;（2）心境一致性效应在外显记忆和内隐记忆上没有性别差异;（3）在心境一致性实验中,自然抑郁组被试可能存在外显记忆缺损。     

德性儒学的成就、困境与走向

Beginning with the promotion of morality in Confucianism, a Neo-Confucian movement in modern Chinese philosophy was initiated, in which Confucianism underwent a transition from tradition to modernity. However, Moral Confucianism did not successfully develop the “new kingliness without” from its “sageliness within,” respond to modernization marked by science and democracy, and provide moral impetus for the development of a modern Chinese society or appeal to many beyond the small circle of “elite Confucianists.” The fundamental reason is that it was caught in a web of moral idealism, overemphasizing what ought to be without confronting what actually was. Translated by Huang Deyuan from Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Xuebao 中国人民大学学报 (Journal of Renmin University of China), 2006, (1): 9–15