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81.
同伴团体对儿童青少年学业成就和社会功能关系的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用同伴评价、教师评估和学校记录等多种渠道收集关于同伴团体、社会功能、同伴接纳以及学业成就的资料,旨在考察同伴团体与儿童青少年学业成就和社会功能的关系。研究发现:绝大多数儿童青少年都有自己的同伴团体。这些同伴团体在学业成就上有很高的同质性。学业成就与社会适应无论在团体内的个体水平还是在团体水平上都密切相关。而且,团体的学业表现是个体学业成就和社会适应间的重要调节因素,表明团体学业规范对个体水平上学业成就与社会功能的关系有增强或是减弱的作用。这项研究再一次证明同伴团体在儿童个体发展中的重要意义。 相似文献
82.
Raymond Chang Steven Stout Ralph Miller 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2004,57(1):1-23
Three Pavlovian lick suppression studies with rats were conducted to compare the role of the conditioning context in excitatory backward and forward conditioning. The experiments explored the possibility that excitatory backward conditioning, but not forward conditioning, is mediated by the context. That is, in excitatory backward conditioning, the conditioning context may function as an excitatory mediator, which supports second-order conditioning of the target cue. This possibility contrasts with traditional accounts, which suggests that common processes underlie excitatory backward and forward conditioning. Experiment 1 found that conditioned responding following backward conditioning was attenuated as a result of posttraining extinction of the training context, but the same manipulation elevated responding after forward conditioning. Experiments 2 and 3 found that posttraining and pretraining associative inflation of the context (presenting unsignalled USs) increased conditioned responding to the target of a backward conditioning procedure but either had no effect or reduced responding to the target of a forward conditioning procedure. Thus, excitatory backward and forward conditioning appear to differ in their dependence on the status of the conditioning context. 相似文献
83.
"看病难"、"看病贵"两大问题,阻碍和谐社会建设、影响人民群众生命健康。大力发展社区卫生服务,将成为在城市缓解老百姓"看病难"、"看病贵"问题的重要举措,但由于种种问题与困难,降低了老百姓对它的信任度。在社区卫生服务机构实施品牌战略,塑造品牌形象,无疑是提升老百姓信任度的一剂良方,社区卫生服务必将迎来飞速发展。 相似文献
84.
85.
Darryl M. See M.D. Paul Cimoch M.D. Shioweh Chou Jennifer Chang Jeremiah Tilles M.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1998,33(3):280-287
In humans, eight monosaccharides are required for the synthesis of glycoproteins. Dietary supplements that supply these crucial
sugars are known as glyconutrients. A glyconutrient compound was added to Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) isolated
from normal controls and patients with the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), a disease associated with immune dysregulation.
The in vitro immunomodulatory effects were investigated. Cell surface expression of the glycoproteins CD5, CD8, and CD11a
were significantly lower in patients with CFS compared to normal controls. Addition of glyconutrient homogenate to PBMC from
patients with CFS stimulated with phytohemagglutinin significantly increased the expression of each glycoprotein. Furthermore,
natural killer (NK) cell function was reduced in CFS patients. The glyconutrient preparation significantly enhanced NK cell
activity versus human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6)-infected H9 cells in an 8 h51Cr release assay compared to placebo for PBMC from patients with CFS (p<.01). Finally, apoptosis was significantly higher
in patients with CSF. The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in PBMC from patients with CFS that had
been incubated for 48 h with glyconutrients. Thus, glyconutrients improved abnormal immune parameters in vitro in patients
with CFS.
Dr. See is an Independent Mannatech Associate. 相似文献
86.
J. J. Chang 《Behavior research methods》1973,5(2):99-103
The beginnings of a system of interactive multidimensional scaling programs with real-time display of the graphical output have been established on the Honeywell DDP-224 computer. Two programs have been completed: (1) MDPREF—a computer program for multidimensional analysis of preference data—has been converted from the GE-635 to run interactively on the DDP-224 computer. Its solution is printed from a typewriter, and the configuration of stimuli are displayed on a scope in two-dimensional view. (2) ROTATE—an on-line rotation program—enables the user to rotate the configuration in three dimensions within a higher dimensional space. 相似文献
87.
A multidimensional scaling analysis is presented for replicated layouts of pairwise choice responses. In most applications the replicates will represent individuals who respond to all pairs in some set of objects. The replicates and the objects are scaled in a joint space by means of an inner product model which assigns weights to each of the dimensions of the space. Least squares estimates of the replicates' and objects' coordinates, and of unscalability parameters, are obtained through a manipulation of the error sum of squares for fitting the model. The solution involves the reduction of a three-way least squares problem to two subproblems, one trivial and the other solvable by classical least squares matrix factorization. The analytic technique is illustrated with political preference data and is contrasted with multidimensional unfolding in the domain of preferential choice.The present work was initiated at Oregon Research Institute under National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH 12972. It was reformulated and completed while the first author was a Visiting Research Fellow at Educational Testing Service.Presently at the Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto. 相似文献
88.
In search of the ‘Aha!’ experience: Elucidating the emotionality of insight problem‐solving 下载免费PDF全文
Wangbing Shen Yuan Yuan Chang Liu Jing Luo 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(2):281-298
Although the experience of insight has long been noted, the essence of the ‘Aha!’ experience, reflecting a sudden change in the brain that accompanies an insight solution, remains largely unknown. This work aimed to uncover the mystery of the ‘Aha!’ experience through three studies. In Study 1, participants were required to solve a set of verbal insight problems and then subjectively report their affective experience when solving the problem. The participants were found to have experienced many types of emotions, with happiness the most frequently reported one. Multidimensional scaling was employed in Study 2 to simplify the dimensions of these reported emotions. The results showed that these different types of emotions could be clearly placed in two‐dimensional space and that components constituting the ‘Aha!’ experience mainly reflected positive emotion and approached cognition. To validate previous findings, in Study 3, participants were asked to select the most appropriate emotional item describing their feelings at the time the problem was solved. The results of this study replicated the multidimensional construct consisting of approached cognition and positive affect. These three studies provide the first direct evidence of the essence of the ‘Aha!’ experience. The potential significance of the findings was discussed. 相似文献
89.
Paul Youngbin Kim Hee-Sun Cheon Jung Hee Hyun Elizabeth S. Chang Hee Chong David Yoo 《Mental health, religion & culture》2016,19(9):1013-1027
The present study is a qualitative investigation of the psychological experiences of children of Korean missionaries, through the eyes of Korean missionary kids (MKs) and missionary workers. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 MKs and MK workers, and data were analysed using the Consensual Qualitative Research method. Several domains emerged: challenges associated with the MK experience, resiliency of MKs, intrapersonal and interpersonal coping skills, mental health concerns, religion and spirituality, a complex cultural identity, preparation for college transition, and hopes for MKs and their missionary parents. Categories corresponding to the domains are highlighted. The present study addresses a need for more attention paid to the non-American MK experience, and it presents some implications for the church and higher educational institutions. 相似文献
90.