支持性条件对记忆年龄差异的影响

通过三个实验探讨支持性条件对记忆年龄差异的影响。结果表明,在操作条件下记忆高语义关联度项目时,有缩小记忆年龄差异的作用,(实验一);线索回忆时,对于低语义关联度项目,青年人可从名词线索中获得更多支持(实验二);当使用具范畴组织关系的词表作为记忆材料时,操作条件和范畴线索的结合对老年人记忆有干扰作用(实验三)。记忆中年龄差异的变化反映了编码条件、记忆材料和提取条件三方面的综合作用。     

自由回忆中元记忆监控的作用及其影响因素

采用“类信号检测论方法”,通过两个实验,研究了在记忆信息提取过程中元记忆的预见性监测判断（Feeling-of-knowing）和元控制的作用及其影响因素。实验一探讨了识记材料的难易、识记遍数对元监测判断以及输出控制中的反应标准是否有影响;实验二探讨了严格和宽松的奖惩条件对输出控制中反应标准的影响。用计算机随机呈现识记用的词表材料,识记之后让被试进行FOK等级判断和自由回忆,再用“类信号检测论”方法统计实验数据,分析各种条件下回忆成绩、FOK判断等级,计算出相应的符合率和反应标准。实验一结果表明,不同材料难度和识记遍数下的回忆成绩和FOK判断等级差异显著,但输出控制中的反应标准值没受这些因素的影响;实验二结果是严格和宽松奖惩条件下的反应标准值差异显著,严格条件下的反应标准显著高于宽松条件下的反应标准,表明奖惩条件对信息提取中的反应标准有显著影响     

小学一年级数学新教材插图效果的眼动研究

采用2×3两因素混合实验设计,使用美国应用科学实验室（ASL）生产的EVM3200型眼动仪,对小学一年级学生阅读配有不同背景插图应用题的阅读理解指标和眼动指标进行考察。结果表明：无论应用题难易,学生对有背景插图的阅读理解优于对无背景插图的理解;复杂的插图背景有利于学生理解较难应用题;简单的插图背景有利于学生理解较容易应用题;眼动实验结果表明,小学一年级数学新教材插图效果较好     

论民族时代精神对心理学派别形成的影响

心理学是研究人的心理活动规律的科学,而研究心理学的过程无疑问也是一系列心理活动的过程。在研究心理学的心理活动过程中,不同民族的心理学家必然要受本民族的时代精神所影响。从这个角度来分析心理学派别的形成就不难发现:构造派和格式派心理学之所以产生于德国;机能派和行为派心理学之所以产生于美国,决非历史的偶然,它与本民族的时代精神有着密不可分的联系。中华民族的时代精神也必将对建立具有中国特色的心理学产生积极的影响。     

Aging and Ethnicity: Issues for Clinical Practice

Due to dramatic improvements in life expectancy among Americans from diverse ethnic groups, the graying of America is resulting in a particularly marked increase in ethnic diversity in late life. Clinicians must be prepared to address the problems of older ethnic minority patients, who present with distinct problems during late life and may present these problems in culturally prescribed ways. Cultural variations in views about the nature of mental disorders, issues in assessing and treating depression and dementia, and attention to issues of family caregivers are deserving of special attention.     

Fitting multivariage normal finite mixtures subject to structural equation modeling

This paper is about fitting multivariate normal mixture distributions subject to structural equation modeling. The general model comprises common factor and structural regression models. The introduction of covariance and mean structure models reduces the number of parameters to be estimated in fitting the mixture and enables one to investigate a variety of substantive hypotheses concerning the differences between the components in the mixture. Within the general model, individual parameters can be subjected to equality, nonlinear and simple bounds constraints. Confidence intervals are based on the inverse of the Hessian and on the likelihood profile. Several illustrations are given and results of a simulation study concerning the confidence intervals are reported.     

FOK产生机制的实验研究

通过以初中生和大学生为被试的两个实验探讨了FOK（Feeling-of-Knowing即“熟知感”）的产生机制,是线索熟悉性还是靶项目的可提取性（或记忆强度）决定FOK判断的等级。识记材料为90对中文词对.分前后两部分让被试识记,前后两部分词对之间安排三种关系：①完全相同;②仅线索词相同,③完全不同,这三种关系可选成不同的靶项目记忆强度和不同的线索熟悉性.两组实验结果一致表明,FOK的等级判断的高低取决于线索熟悉程度,而不随靶项目的记忆强度而变化.     

加工水平对不同类型内隐记忆测试的影响

许多内隐记忆研究表明 ,加工水平影响外显记忆而不影响内隐记忆 ,这样的实验结果被一些研究者认为是外显记忆与内隐记忆系统分离的重要依据之一。实际上 ,内隐记忆研究中的加工水平问题一直存在争议 ,加工水平效应作为两类记忆系统分离的依据是不充分的。在我们的这项实验中 ,结果表明 ,加工水平影响概念样例生成这种内隐记忆测试而不影响知觉辨认测试。     

Parallel and competitive processes in hierarchical analysis: perceptual grouping and encoding of closure.

The role of perceptual grouping and the encoding of closure of local elements in the processing of hierarchical patterns was studied. Experiments 1 and 2 showed a global advantage over the local level for 2 tasks involving the discrimination of orientation and closure, but there was a local advantage for the closure discrimination task relative to the orientation discrimination task. Experiment 3 showed a local precedence effect for the closure discrimination task when local element grouping was weakened by embedding the stimuli from Experiment 1 in a background made up of cross patterns. Experiments 4A and 4B found that dissimilarity of closure between the local elements of hierarchical stimuli and the background figures could facilitate the grouping of closed local elements and enhanced the perception of global structure. Experiment 5 showed that the advantage for detecting the closure of local elements in hierarchical analysis also held under divided- and selective-attention conditions. Results are consistent with the idea that grouping between local elements takes place in parallel and competes with the computation of closure of local elements in determining the selection between global and local levels of hierarchical patterns for response.