The Rule of Virtue: A Confucian Response to the Ethical Challenges of Technocracy

Science and Engineering Ethics - A variety of approaches have appeared in academic literature and in design practice representing “ethics-first” methods. These approaches typically...     

The Relation of Career Adaptability to Work–Family Experience and Personal Growth Initiative Among Taiwanese Working Parents

This study aimed to explore the effect of career adaptability on 598 working parents in Taiwan. The results showed that career adaptability served an important role in moderating and mediating the effects between work–family conflict, work–family strength, and personal growth initiative.     

Violent and disruptive behavior among drug-involved prisoners: relationship with psychiatric symptoms

This study examines the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and violent/disruptive behavior among 192 inmates who participated in prison-based substance abuse treatment. Participants came from two sites able to provide narrative reports of disciplinary actions in the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies' Co-Occurring Disorders Screening Instrument study. In multivariate logistic models, a lifetime history of thought insertion/control ideation (OR, 11.6; 95% CI, 1.8-75.2), antisocial personality disorder (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.2-8.9), and disciplinary action related to possession of controlled substances or contraband (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.9-12.3) were associated with increased risk for violent or disruptive behavior while in prison, whereas lifetime phobic symptoms (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.54) and high school graduation (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-1.0) were associated with a decreased risk of violence and disruptive behavior in general. We conclude that, among inmates in substance abuse treatment, symptoms that increase risk for violence or disruptive behavior include thought control/insertion ideation and disciplinary infractions related to controlled substances, contraband, or failure to participate in assigned programs, as well a history of antisocial personality disorder.     

Organizational citizenship behavior and social loafing: the role of personality, motives, and contextual factors

The present study integrates the literature on social loafing and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The authors examined the roles of personality, motives, and contextual factors in influencing the work behaviors of OCB and social loafing. In a sample of 341 individuals working in project groups, with data collected over 3 time periods, the authors found that conscientiousness was negatively related to social loafing. They also found the known positive relation of OCB with conscientiousness. Felt responsibility was negatively related to social loafing. The authors found no significant relations between social loafing and OCB motives.     

《人体器官移植条例》颁布后面临的问题与对策

《人体器官移植条例》规范引导着我国器官移植健康发展,然而,随着《条例》对器官移植供、受者条件的严格限制,尸体供器官数量迅速下降,亲属活体移植逐步占据主导地位,由此引发一系列问题。结合《条例》,就器官来源短缺、保障活体供者安全、亲属活体供者选择和器官移植伦理委员会作用等问题做出较详细的分析,提出解决方法和对策。     

基于时间投入——专注度双维核心模型的高中生学业勤奋度研究

为避免单维评估存在高估或者低估学生学业勤奋表现的不足,以学业勤奋度研究的"时间(行为)投入"和"专注度"两种取向为基础,提出了高中生学业勤奋度的时间(行为)投入—专注度双维核心模型,并考察386名高中生在该模型上的分布特点,进而检验其应用效果。结果表明:(1)以学业勤奋度的双维核心模型为基础,将学生分为四组,并且这四组学生在时间投入和专注度上的差异表现为:在时间投入上,高时间投入的两个组学生的时间投入水平较高,低时间投入两个组学生的时间投入水平较低;在专注度上的分布也是如此。这说明本研究的分组是有效的。(2)模型能够有效将高中生分组,其中高时间投入—低专注度组所占比例最大(30.4%),其次为低时间投入—低专注度组(28.6%),再次是低时间投入—高专注度组(23.6%),高时间投入—高专注度组所占比例最小(17.4%)。(3)模型在不同总体学业成绩和语文、数学、英语等单科成绩上的分组效应均显著,同时拥有高学习时间(行为)投入和高专注度的高中生具有最佳的总体和单科学业成绩。因此,学业勤奋度的学习时间(行为)投入—专注度模型具有良好的应用效果。     

Social support in a changing Europe: an analysis of three post‐communist nations

Despite the continuing interest in social transitions among social scientists, there has been little analysis of the impact of societal change on personal relationships. One important factor in helping individuals deal with the stresses associated with rapid transitions is social support. In our first study, 450 manual workers, students and entrepreneurs in Russia, Georgia and Hungary completed structured questionnaires assessing demographic and value predictors of the perception of support availability and the support they obtained to deal with changes in their societies. In our second study, the same respondents participated in semi‐structured interviews investigating the relationship between their work lives and support networks. Our findings demonstrate the importance of culture, occupation and values for both the perception and reception of support, and underline the multifaceted manner in which different work experiences in different nations influence support networks. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

两位数的整体与局部加工

关于两位数的加工方式有整体加工说和局部加工说,实验证据主要来自数字数量控制/主动加工任务。本研究主要考察在数字数量自动加工任务中两位数的加工方式。实验一要求被试完成数量大小比较和物理大小比较两个任务,实验二只要求被试完成物理大小比较任务。结果是在数量比较任务和物理比较任务中都存在显著的个位十位一致性效应和数量物理一致性效应,这表明在两位数的数量主动和自动加工任务中均存在整体加工和局部加工两种方式。