Free Speech and Multiculturalism In and Out of the Academy

The debate over hate speech in the United States and the accompanying changes in the political culture of the university provides an opportune case to explore the impact of changing norms of free speech on political tolerance toward unpopular groups. I offer a theory of opinion change that identifies the population groups that should be most susceptible to the new norms against hate speech that originated on college campuses around the country in the 1980s. The predictions from this theory are tested using a battery of tolerance items asked repeatedly in General Social Surveys gathered between 1976 and 2000. The analysis shows that the intellectual campaign against hate speech has significantly reduced support for the free speech rights of racists. This retreat in levels of tolerance is most evident among college students who were educated since the mid-1980s, when debates over multiculturalism and political correctness reached their peak. At the same time, levels of tolerance for nonconformist ideas and lifestyles have remained generally high among today's college students and are almost always significantly higher than the national average. The general stability in aggregate levels of tolerance both in the general population and in various demographic groups only serves to highlight the few dramatic changes that have taken place.     

因果变化模式与因果联结强度在幼儿因果推理中的作用

对93名幼儿进行了五种因果变化模式的因果推理题目的测试。结果表明:(1)在不同的因果变化模式下,被试进行因果推理的成绩存在差异,且在对于这五类题目的掌握上具有一定的顺序。(2)被试在同样因果变化模式题目的表现之间具有较高的相似性,而在因果联结强度相同的题目之间则具有显著的差异。(3)被试对于各题目回答的正确率并不随原因与结果联结次数的增多而提高。(4)即使是在观察到的刺激完全一致的情况下,被试的回答仍会因因果变化模式的差异及主试对于题目解释的不同而存在差别。     

Odor Semantics and Visual Cues: What We Smell Impacts Where We Look,What We Remember,and What We Want to Buy

The current research uses eye‐tracking technology in a consumer context to explore the interactive effects of olfactory and visual cues on consumers' eye gaze patterns. We manipulate the semantic correspondence between pictorial objects depicted in print advertisements and odors smelled (or not) while looking at the ads. The results indicate that smelling a scent that shares learned semantic associations with an object in the advertisement diverts consumers' eye gazes to the semantically related object in the ad, with positive downstream effects on advertising recall and purchase intent. This is the first study we are aware of demonstrating multisensory integration of odors and pictures on consumer eye gaze patterns with clear implications for consumer choice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

谈我国佛教石窟迦叶造像

造像艺术作为佛教传播的重要手段之一,长期以来受到普遍关注,但因种种原因,学术界对我国石窟迦叶造像的研究比较缺乏。本文按照历史的顺序对我国佛教石窟现存迦叶造像进行全面而详细地梳理,扼要分析其在两千多年佛教造像中保持一定程式的同时逐渐本土化和世俗化的过程,并合理得出佛教造像普遍遵循象征主义和圣事主义的基本特征。     

对毛泽东思想大众化的历史考察——以《解放日报》为考察对象

延安时期,马克思主义中国化取得丰硕成果,作为其理论结晶的毛泽东思想经过多方面展开而达到成熟.推进作为中共指导思想的毛泽东思想大众化,是中共开展政治动员、加强党的建设、推进理论创新和扩大理论影响的需要.<解放日报>为毛泽东思想大众化提供了组织保障、主体条件、中介形式和补充路径四个前提,呈现出"破"与"立"、"理"与"情"、"管"与"用"、"繁"与"简"相互结合的大众化传播特点,既推进了毛泽东思想理论体系的构建,传播了指导革命实践的思想方法,促进了全党思想理论的统一,也提供了马克思主义大众化的历史经验,对中共历史发展产生了重要影响.     

公费教育政策满意度对师范生教师职业认同的影响—社会认知因素的影响

采用问卷法,以839名公费师范生为研究对象,探究公费师范生政策满意度对师范生教师职业认同的影响,考察公费教育政策满意度、职业决策自我效能感、职业结果预期以及教师职业认同的关系。结果发现：（1）公费教育政策满意度显著正向预测教师职业认同;（2）职业决策自我效能感和职业结果预期在政策满意度和教师职业认同的关系中起中介作用,完全中介支持性政策满意度与教师职业认同的关系,部分中介限制性政策满意度与教师职业认同的关系。本研究通过社会认知职业理论解释了公费教育政策满意度与教师职业认同的关系路径,为提升公费师范生的教师职业认同提供了参考和借鉴。     

《达摩宝传》与清末民初民间宗教派别——以其对"祖师西来意"的理解为中心

文章以所见清末民国初年刊印的四种《达摩宝传》为中心,在考订其所属宗派的基础上,介绍了诸书对“如何是祖师西来意”的回答。四种不同版本的《达摩宝传》尽管有相同的情节,但却分属大乘天真圆顿教、青莲教、八卦教和青莲教支派等不同的民间宗教派别。希望这一发现对宝卷、民间宗教和有众多版本的《坛经》研究有一定的启发。     

The Olympic Games and the Improvement of Economic Well Being

This paper investigates whether hosting the Olympic Games will improve economic well being of host countries. It is shown that the economic benefits of hosting the Games can last for up to 16 years. The economy of the host country improves after announcement of successful bid. The improvement peaks in the year of the Games and remains significant for 8 years after the Games.