Temporalism Revisited

Philosophical Studies -     

The Need for More Preaching in the Psychologist's Office or “Why Therapy Never Should Have Left the Church in the First Place”

Pastoral Psychology - This article explores the relationship of theology to psychology in the formation of the Christian life in the church. What authority do we give to psychology versus preaching...     

Law and the confinement of psychopaths

Civil commitment in the United States historically has followed a medical, targeting individuals with serious mental disorders and providing for their treatment in the least restrictive setting. In the last decade, however, commitment laws have appeared in some states permitting the hospitalization of personality-disordered criminal offenders at the end of a penal sentence. The American Psychiatric Association has fiercely opposed these laws. The U.S. Supreme Court has given its qualified approval, although legal challenges persist. These laws, together with British proposals to permit the civil commitment of dangerous personality-disordered individuals, should be resisted by all professional disciplines.     

Interval estimation: Effect of processing demands on prospective and retrospective reports

Undergraduate students performed one of three levels of processing on each word (15, 30, or 45) presented during a 120-sec interval. Subjects were told in advance that they would be required to estimate the length of the presentation interval (prospective condition) or were presented with an unexpected estimation task (retrospective condition). In the prospective condition, interval estimates were an inverse function of list length when relatively deep levels of processing were required, but were an increasing function of list length when shallow processing was required. In the retrospective condition, estimates were an increasing function of list length and were unaffected by different levels of processing. The interval estimation model proposed by Hicks, Miller, and Kinsbourne (1976) provided a better account of the data than did the storage-size hypothesis of Ornstein (1969).     

Stimulus-response compatibility affects auditory Stroop interference

The contribution of stimulus-response compatibility to Stroop interference was tested in an auditory version of the Stroop test. The words “high” and “low” were presented in high and low pitches with either the pitch or the word designated as the relevant dimension. College students categorized the relevant stimulus dimension with a verbal response, a buttonpress, or a pitched hum. Significant interference occurred in the incompatible conditions (pitch-verbal, word-hum, pitch-button), but not in the compatible conditions (pitch-hum, word-verbal, word-button). The results indicated that stimulus-response compatibility was an important determinant of observed interference. It was suggested that stimulus-response incompatibility contributed to the response competition that presumably occurs in Stroop tasks.     

Speed of simple arithmetic in bilinguals

Four types of bilinguals solved simple addition problems that were auditorily presented in their preferred language, the language in which they first learned arithmetic, or in their nonpreferred language. Subjects responded in the language in which the problems were presented. Solution time averaged .227 sec faster in the preferred language and was an increasing linear function of the number of addition operations required. The intercepts of the preferred and nonpreferred language functions significantly differed, but the slopes did not. The preferred language advantage was attributed to faster encoding and/or response times in the preferred language. When bilinguals used only one of their languages in a given experimental session, encoding/response times in the two languages were equivalent and the preferred language advantage was eliminated.