隔代“亲”的社会心理解析

隔代抚育中出现了普遍的隔代“亲”现象。本文分别从文化传统（血缘宗亲）、心理需求、社会现实、补偿心理等几个方面来阐述隔代“亲”的成因。     

论翻译的技巧、理想、标准及其形成过程--兼析作为《论不可译性》之理论前提的康德先验哲学观

怎样才能提升翻译研究的理论水平?进行翻译理论研究是不是必须诉诸康德的先验哲学框架?本文认为,作为王宾教授所谓“不可译性”之理论前提的康德哲学“经验VS先验”的基本观点,其实并不适合于进行翻译理论研究;实际上,这里的根本问题是“翻译的实际经验性行为”与“翻译标准”之间的关系。只有从我自己构建并逐渐完善的社会个体生成论的角度出发,把翻译研究所涉及的历时性维度与共时性维度有机结合起来,正确处理翻译技巧、翻译理想和翻译标准之间的关系,我们才能正确地认识“翻译标准”及其形成过程,从而使之发挥适当的作用,达到逐步提高翻译理论研究水平的目的。     

主题信息合理性、语境意义偏向性对汉语歧义句意义建构的影响

两个实验以合理型主题信息条件下的句子为对照材料．其它型主题信息条件下的句子为实验材料,考察合理型和非合理型主题信息条件下汉语歧义句意义建构的时间进程和特点。结果表明：(1)合理型主题信息可以顺利地建构一个稳定的基础心理表征;不合理型主题信息则没有这种效应;矛盾型主题信息则引导读者重构一个新的心理表征。(2)在合理型主题信息条件下,语境主要起到证实主题信息区和歧义区所建构的基础表征的作用;而在不合理型、矛盾型主题信息的条件下,语境的作用首先是验证所建构的基础心理表征和歧义句的意义频率,然后有效建构歧义句的意义。     

全面深入理解“以人为本”

以人为本是一项符合人类文明发展趋势并指导当代社会发展的重要原则 ,是科学发展观的核心内容。以人为本并非只有西方人文主义那样的理解 ,它既是一种共同价值观和价值取向 ,又是一种思维方式 ,同时还是一种执政理念。     

Effects of gender and sex role orientation on help-seeking attitudes

This study investigated the effects of gender and sex role orientation (masculinity and femininity) on attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help in a sample of 163 student trainee teachers (52 males and 111 females) in Singapore. The mean age of students was 25.39 years (SD = 3.80). ANOVAs revealed statistically significant main effects for gender and femininity on attitudes toward help-seeking. Specifically, females were reported to have more positive overall attitudes toward professional help-seeking and were more willing to recognize a personal need for professional help compared to males. Femininity significantly influenced students’ level of stigma tolerance. These findings suggest that both gender and sex role orientation play an independent role in influencing help-seeking attitudes. In addition, these variables appear to have a differential impact on different aspects of helpseeking.     

表象研究方法论

本论文从表象研究的历史沿革入手,对迄今为止几种主要的表象研究方法及其有关方法论方面的问题进行了分析探讨,认为当代认知心理学的表象研究给心理学传统的反应时指标赋于了新的方法论意义．但单一性的反应时指标有较大局限     

航线飞行员危险态度测量及对驾驶安全行为的影响

为了探讨现代航线飞行员危险态度特点及其与驾驶安全行为的关系,采用文献分析、问卷调查和专家访谈,编制了中国文化背景下航线飞行员危险态度问卷,并对中国南方航空公司257名飞行员进行调查。结果发现,自信、冲动性、男子气概、焦虑、服从性和风险意识等因素能解释飞行员危险态度总体变异的60.275%,同时对驾驶安全行为产生显著负向影响。这一结果表明六维结构模型具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为现代航线飞行员驾驶安全行为评估的预测指标。     

Promoting de-escalation of commitment: a regulatory-focus perspective on sunk costs

People frequently escalate their commitment to failing endeavors. Explanations for such behavior typically involve loss aversion, failure to recognize other alternatives, and concerns with justifying prior actions; all of these factors produce recommitment to previous decisions with the goal of erasing losses and vindicating these decisions. Solutions to escalation of commitment have therefore focused on external oversight and divided responsibility during decision making to attenuate loss aversion, blindness to alternatives, and justification biases. However, these solutions require substantial resources and have additional adverse effects. The present studies tested an alternative method for de-escalating commitment: activating broad motivations for growth and advancement (promotion). This approach should reduce concerns with loss and increase perceptions of alternatives, thereby attenuating justification motives. In two studies featuring hypothetical financial decisions, activating promotion motivations reduced recommitment to poorly performing investments as compared with both not activating any additional motivations and activating motivations for safety and security (prevention).     

Sample size planning with the cost constraint for testing superiority and equivalence of two independent groups

The allocation of sufficient participants into different experimental groups for various research purposes under given constraints is an important practical problem faced by researchers. We address the problem of sample size determination between two independent groups for unequal and/or unknown variances when both the power and the differential cost are taken into consideration. We apply the well‐known Welch approximate test to derive various sample size allocation ratios by minimizing the total cost or, equivalently, maximizing the statistical power. Two types of hypotheses including superiority/non‐inferiority and equivalence of two means are each considered in the process of sample size planning. A simulation study is carried out and the proposed method is validated in terms of Type I error rate and statistical power. As a result, the simulation study reveals that the proposed sample size formulas are very satisfactory under various variances and sample size allocation ratios. Finally, a flowchart, tables, and figures of several sample size allocations are presented for practical reference.     

New heterogeneous test statistics for the unbalanced fixed‐effect nested design

When the underlying variances are unknown or/and unequal, using the conventional F test is problematic in the two‐factor hierarchical data structure. Prompted by the approximate test statistics (Welch and Alexander–Govern methods), the authors develop four new heterogeneous test statistics to test factor A and factor B nested within A for the unbalanced fixed‐effect two‐stage nested design under variance heterogeneity. The actual significance levels and statistical power of the test statistics were compared in a simulation study. The results show that the proposed procedures maintain better Type I error rate control and have greater statistical power than those obtained by the conventional F test in various conditions. Therefore, the proposed test statistics are recommended in terms of robustness and easy implementation.