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93.
Frederik Anseel Nico W. Van Yperen Onne Janssen Wouter Duyck 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2011,84(4):703-722
The aim of the current study is to shed new light on the inconsistent relationship between performance‐approach (PAp) goals and feedback reactions by examining feedback type as a moderator. Results of a field experiment (N = 939) using a web‐based work simulation task showed that the effect of achievement‐approach goals was moderated by feedback type. Relative to individuals pursuing mastery‐approach goals, individuals pursuing PAp goals responded more negatively to comparative feedback but not to task‐referenced feedback. In line with the hypothesized mediated moderation model, the interaction between achievement goals and feedback type also indirectly affected task performance through feedback reactions. Providing employees with feedback is a key psychological principle used in a wide range of human resource and performance management instruments (e.g., developmental assessment centres, multi‐source/360° feedback, training, selection, performance appraisal, management education, computer‐adaptive testing, and coaching). The current study suggests that organizations need to strike a balance between encouraging learning and encouraging performance, as too much emphasis on comparative performance (both in goal inducement and in feedback style) may be detrimental to employees' reactions and rate of performance improvement. 相似文献
94.
Zeguers MH Snellings P Tijms J Weeda WD Tamboer P Bexkens A Huizenga HM 《Developmental science》2011,14(6):1340-1354
The nature of word recognition difficulties in developmental dyslexia is still a topic of controversy. We investigated the contribution of phonological processing deficits and uncertainty to the word recognition difficulties of dyslexic children by mathematical diffusion modeling of visual and auditory lexical decision data. The first study showed that poor visual lexical decision performance of reading disabled children was mainly due to a delay in the evaluation of word characteristics, suggesting impaired phonological processing. The adoption of elevated certainty criteria by the disabled readers suggests that uncertainty contributed to the visual word recognition impairments as well. The second study replicated the outcomes for visual lexical decision with formally diagnosed dyslexic children. In addition, during auditory lexical decision, dyslexics presented with reduced accuracy, which also resulted from delayed evaluation of word characteristics. Since orthographic influences are diminished during auditory lexical decision, this strengthens the phonological processing deficit account. Dyslexic children did not adopt heightened certainty criteria during auditory lexical decision, indicating that uncertainty solely impairs reading and not listening. 相似文献
95.
Guido Boella Guido Governatori Joris Hulstijn Régis Riveret Antonino Rotolo Leendert van der Torre 《Journal of Applied Logic》2011,9(4):274-288
Inferences about speech acts are often conditional, non-monotonic, and involve the issue of time. Most agent communication languages, however, ignore these issues, due to the difficulty to combine them in a single formalism. This paper addresses such issues in defeasible logic, and shows how to express a semantics for ACLs in order to make non-monotonic inferences on the basis of speech acts. 相似文献
96.
Mirela Kahrimanovic Wouter M. Bergmann Tiest Astrid M.L. Kappers 《Acta psychologica》2010,134(3):385-390
The volume of common objects can be perceived visually, haptically or by a combination of both senses. The present study shows large effects of the object's shape on volume perception within all these modalities, with an average bias of 36%. In all conditions, the volume of a tetrahedron was overestimated compared to that of a cube or a sphere, and the volume of a cube was overestimated compared to that of a sphere. Additional analyses revealed that the biases could be explained by the dependence of the volume judgment on different geometric properties. During visual volume perception, the strategies depended on the objects that were compared and they were also subject-dependent. However, analysis of the haptic and bimodal data showed more consistent results and revealed that surface area of the stimuli influenced haptic as well as bimodal volume perception. This suggests that bimodal volume perception is more influenced by haptic input than by visual information. 相似文献
97.
We investigate the development of two types of prosocial behavior, trust and reciprocity, as defined using a game-theoretical task that allows investigation of real-time social interaction, among 4 age groups from 9 to 25 years. By manipulating the possible outcome alternatives, we could distinguish among important determinants of trust and reciprocity that are related to the risk and benefit of trusting. The results demonstrate age-related changes in sensitivity to outcome for others from late childhood until late adolescence, with different developmental trajectories for trust and reciprocity and differential sensitivity to risk and benefit for self and others. 相似文献
98.
Wouter Teepe 《Synthese》2006,149(2):409-443
This paper introduces and describes new protocols for proving knowledge of secrets without giving them away: if the verifier
does not know the secret, he does not learn it. This can all be done while only using one-way hash functions. If also the
use of encryption is allowed, these goals can be reached in a more efficient way. We extend and use the GNY authentication
logic to prove correctness of these protocols. 相似文献
99.
Glymour’s theory of bootstrap confirmation is a purely qualitative account of confirmation; it allows us to say that the evidence
confirms a given theory, but not that it confirms the theory to a certain degree. The present paper extends Glymour’s theory
to a quantitative account and investigates the resulting theory in some detail. It also considers the question how bootstrap
confirmation relates to justification. 相似文献
100.
Stephen G. Weinrach Albert Ellis Catharine MacLaren Raymond DiGiuseppe Ann Vernon Janet Wolfe Ruth Malkinson Wouter Backx 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2006,24(4):233-255
Eight experts in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) provided personal examples of their own successes and failures in
applying REBT to themselves. The experts actively talked to themselves both rationally and irrationally. Understandably, there
were far more shoulds, oughts, musts, and have to’s in the narratives in which the experts described when they failed to use
REBT than when they succeeded in using REBT. Rational self-talk was more prevalent in the examples of how REBT was successfully
used by the experts.
Reprinted from Journal of Counseling & Development, Summer 2001, Volume 79. ACA. Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction authorized without written permission from
the American Counseling Association. 相似文献