同伴互评对初中生的TAT中亲和意象的影响研究

本研究以北京市47名初二学生为被试,选用6张图片研究了TAT故事中的亲和意象在同伴互评前后的变化,以及图片线索、性别等因素对亲和意象影响。结果表明：（1）在互评前亲和主题数较少的被试在互评后亲和主题数增多,而在互评前的亲和主题数较多的被试在互评后反而减少。（2）图片线索对亲和主题数有显著影响,引发亲和动机的线索较少的图片在互评后的故事中亲和主题数的增加最为显著。（3）女生的亲和动机高于男生,且性别与其它因素有交互作用。     

Discrimination and memory experiments on haptic perception of softness

This paper described a pilot study and two follow-up experiments, using a device developed in the laboratory to study the human fingertip's discrimination and memory for softness perception. According to the pilot study, soft objects were easier to identify than hard ones. When subjects touched objects, the number of times seemed to be from 2 to 6. For most, the touch frequency ranged from 0.3 to 1.3 Hz. In Exp. 1, the method of constant stimuli was used to study the human fingertip's stiffness difference threshold for haptic perception. The estimated difference threshold averaged over 24 subjects was 33 N/m. And, the stiffness difference thresholds for most people were in the range of 20 N/m to 40 N/m. In Exp. 2, the haptic memory span was discussed according to the recall experiment. Human haptic memory span lay between three and four items.     

主题关系对无线索回忆再认效应的影响

本研究采用RWCR范式,从无线索回忆再认的视角考察了主题关系对熟悉性的影响。结果发现,主题关系能够引发无线索回忆再认效应。具体表现为,在回忆错误项目中,被试对与学过项目有主题关系线索的熟悉性评分显著高于与学过项目无主题关系线索的熟悉性评分。这一结果表明,个体在信息提取失败时,概念形式的语义信息也能引发基于熟悉性的再认判断。     

经颅电刺激与视功能调控

经颅电刺激(Transcranial Electrical Stimulation, TES)通过电极将特定模式的低强度电流作用于大脑头皮以调控皮层活动, 是一种非侵入、无创的神经刺激方法。根据刺激电流的模式的不同, TES分为经颅直流电刺激(tDCS), 经颅交流电刺激(tACS)和经颅随机电刺激(tRNS)。TES能对视功能诸如光幻视阈值、视野、对比敏感度、视知觉运动等进行一定程度上的调控, 并且能够与传统的视觉知觉学习训练相结合以调控视觉功能。对于不同的视觉功能, 不同的TES参数和模式的调控效果有所不同。     

儒家和谐伦理的历史形态与现代启迪

传统儒家伦理的和谐性主要体现在仁爱原则以"推及"的方式贯穿始终,在由"家"到"国"的过程中,以血缘亲情为基础,使"家"的伦理规范自然过渡到"国"(民族)的伦理规范,达到了家、国之间的和谐统一.宋明时期更将仁爱扩展为"民胞物与"、"万物一体",使人的伦理意识由家庭、社会、自然一直推广到天地万物.这种伦理规律的和谐性、家庭观念的神圣性与仁爱原则的超越性对于建构现代和谐伦理具有重要的启迪意义.     

Attribute weighting methods and decision quality in the presence of response error: a simulation study

This paper uses a simulation approach to investigate how different attribute weighting techniques affect the quality of decisions based on multiattribute value models. The weighting methods considered include equal weighting of all attributes, two methods for using judgments about the rank ordering of weights, and a method for using judgments about the ratios of weights. The question addressed is: How well does each method perform when based on judgments of attribute weights that are unbiased but subject to random error? To address this question, we employ simulation methods. The simulation results indicate that ratio weights were either better than rank order weights (when error in the ratio weights was small or moderate) or tied with them (when error was large). Both ratio weights and rank order weights were substantially superior to the equal weights method in all cases studied. Our findings suggest that it will usually be worth the extra time and effort required to assess ratio weights. In cases where the extra time or effort required is too great, rank order weights will usually give a good approximation to the true weights. Comparisons of the two rank-order weighting methods favored the rank-order-centroid method over the rank-sum method. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

心理学研究的可重复性“危机”:一些积极应对策略

研究结果的可重复性不高是目前心理学研究面临的一个较为普遍的现象,造成这种情况不仅是由于人类心理与行为的复杂性及实验操作、环境等无关变量的影响,排除个别学术不端行为,许多研究者偏差性的操作也是影响可重复性的重要原因。由于一些偏差性操作可能已经被当成研究惯例,因而有必要明确具体操作来源并据此提出解决策略,为促进心理学界关于研究程序、数据分析、结果呈现等操作惯例的转变提供参照。     

纳西族和汉族儿童情绪理解能力的发展

选取3～5岁的纳西族儿童107人,3～5岁的汉族儿童90人,使用情绪理解任务系统地考察了他们情绪理解的发展,同时还测量了两个民族儿童的错误信念理解和语言能力。结果表明,两个民族儿童情绪理解能力具有相似的发展规律,但完成各任务的成绩有显著差异,提示了两个民族儿童情绪理解能力发展的不同步性。研究还发现,心理理论社会知觉成分与认知成分随年龄的增长相互促进和相互制约,并且都与语言能力有关。     

笛卡尔的想象理论研究

我们面临着一个笛卡尔哲学的理论困难:一方面他在形而上学的沉思中对思维和广延做出区分;另一方面,又在现实当中坚持人的灵魂和身体的不可分。而恰恰是在这种困境当中,想象具有了不可替代的重要性。没有想象,思维就不能通向物体性事物,物体性事物就是不可衡量的,作为思维根本性才能的理智就不能完成一个对物体性事物的基本认识,我们的激情就难以产生,我们的意志就难以发挥作用。想象是思维转向物体性广延的重要中介。     

现代新儒学对唯科学主义之应对及其伦理态度

五四以来的启蒙思潮将科学理性作为启蒙的目标之一。然而,唯科学主义将科学的意义无限扩大,根本否定以儒学为核心的传统文化的价值,毁伤了中国文化之根。为此,三代现代新儒家在调和儒学与科学关系的探索中,既开启了传统儒学价值体系的现代转折,又在道统上薪火相传。他们于民族危机中坚守着文化本位,于唯科学主义的浪潮中坚守着道德本位,既有着一致的伦理态度,又随着研究的不断深入,展现出不同的思想风貌。