Lightweight relevance filtering for machine-generated resolution problems

Irrelevant clauses in resolution problems increase the search space, making proofs hard to find in a reasonable amount of processor time. Simple relevance filtering methods, based on counting symbols in clauses, improve the success rate for a variety of automatic theorem provers and with various initial settings. We have designed these techniques as part of a project to link automatic theorem provers to the interactive theorem prover Isabelle. We have tested them for problems involving thousands of clauses, which yield poor results without filtering. Our methods should be applicable to other tasks where the resolution problems are produced mechanically and where completeness is less important than achieving a high success rate with limited processor time.     

短时记忆中的范畴组织和通道组织的比较

本文通过设置不同的线索条件对短时记忆中范畴组织和通道组织进行了比较研究。实验采用了通道线索组、范围线索组和混合线索组三种条件,并设置了五种词表比例。在通道线索组中,每个词表是同范畴字词,但一半用视觉呈现,一半用听觉呈现;在范畴线索组中,两类词分属两个不同的词义范畴,但以相同通道呈现;在混合线索组中,两类不同范畴的词,各有一半分别用视觉和听觉呈现。结果表明在三种线索条件下,ＡＲＣ分值差异显著,表现为     

3～5岁儿童概念比较过程研究

本研究以两个实验探讨了儿童的一个认知过程:人优先考虑共同性,其次才是组合差异性与非组合差异性。3~5岁三个年龄组儿童分别对日常生活的基本概念进行类似性判断与差异性判断。实验1的结果表明,3岁年龄组的儿童还没有表现出组合差异性,4岁年龄组的儿童初步表现出明显的组合差异性,5岁年龄组的儿童表现出明显的组合差异性。他们首先考虑共同性,其次才是组合差异性与非组合差异性。实验2的结果表明,5岁儿童比4岁儿童更多地表现了组合差异性的判断能力。最后以结构组合的观点讨论了这些结果。     

Are transitions in human gait determined by mechanical,kinetic or energetic factors?

It is currently unclear whether it is the need to maintain metabolic efficiency, the need to keep skeletal loading below critical force levels, or simple mechanical factors that drive the walk-to-run (W-R) and run-to-walk (R-W) transitions in human gait. Eighteen adults (9 males and 9 females) locomoted on an instrumented treadmill using their preferred gait. Each completed 2 ascending (W-R) and 2 descending (R-W) series of trials under three levels of loading (0%, 15% and 30% body weight). For each trial, participants locomoted for 60 s at each of 9 different speeds--4 speeds both above and below their preferred transition speed (PTS) plus their PTS. Evidence was sought for critical levels of key kinetic (maximum vertical force, impulse, first peak force, time to first peak force and maximum loading rate), energetic (oxygen consumption, transport cost) and mechanical variables (limb lengths, strength) predictive of the gait transition. Analyses suggested the kinetic variables of time to first peak force and loading rate as the most likely determinants of the W-R and R-W transitions.     

论虚拟生存

关于人的生存问题研究,人们比较一致的观点认为,它是阐释马克思哲学的一个重要维度。如果把生存论的研究放到由于网络技术的发展而生成的网络时代这一语境下进行思考的话,我们便会发现,一种与人的现实生存不同的虚拟生存,正在演化为人类在当代的一种崭新的生存方式,并要求我们从马克思主义哲学的角度来展开对其有意义的解答。一当代人生存方式的虚拟性对人的生存问题的追问,通常是在人的生存活动方式的意义上来进行的,它关心的是在特定条件下人生存的具体表现,涉及到人怎样生存或者生存样式是怎样的等问题。所以,人们也经常在生存方式或存在…     

中美医师资格考试的比较及启示

美国医师执照考试经过80多年的发展,目前已经形成了系统化、规范化和科学化的考试体系.我国医师资格考试起步晚,亟待规范、完善和发展.综合运用比较分析、文献分析等方法进行中美医师资格考试的比较研究,为改革我国执业医师考试提供经验和做法.     

The effect of color (red versus blue) on assimilation versus contrast in prime-to-behavior effects

This paper examines whether color can modify the way that primed constructs affect behavior. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that, compared to the color white, blue is more likely to lead to assimilative shifts in behavior, whereas red is more likely to lead to contrastive changes in behavior. In our experiment, previous findings were replicated in the white color condition: participants’ behavior assimilated to primed stereotypes of (un)intelligence and contrasted away from primed exemplars of (un)intelligence. However, in the blue color condition, participants’ behavior assimilated to the primed constructs, whereas in the red color condition, participants’ behavior contrasted away from the primed constructs, irrespective of whether the primed constructs were stereotypes or exemplars.     

Parent-Child Engagement in Decision Making and the Development of Adolescent Affective Decision Capacity and Binge Drinking

The goal of this study was to investigate how parents’ engagement of their child in everyday decision-making influenced their adolescent’s development on two neuropsychological functions, namely, affective decision-making and working memory, and its effect on adolescent binge-drinking behavior.We conducted a longitudinal study of 192 Chinese adolescents. In 10th grade, the adolescents were tested for their affective decision-making ability using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and working memory capacity using the Self-ordered Pointing Test (SOPT). Questionnaires were used to assess perceived parent-child engagement in decision-making, academic performance and drinking behavior. At one-year follow-up, the same neuropsychological tasks and questionnaires were repeated.Results indicate that working memory and academic performance were uninfluenced by parent-child engagement in decision-making. However, compared to adolescents whose parents made solitary decisions for them, adolescents engaged in everyday decision-making showed significant improvement on affective decision capacity and significantly less binge-drinking one year later.These findings suggest that parental engagement of children in everyday decision-making might foster the development of neurocognitive functioning relative to affective decision-making and reduce adolescent substance use behaviors.     

Antecedents of team potency and team effectiveness: an examination of goal and process clarity and servant leadership

Integrating theories of self-regulation with team and leadership literatures, this study investigated goal and process clarity and servant leadership as 3 antecedents of team potency and subsequent team effectiveness, operationalized as team performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Our sample of 304 employees represented 71 teams in 5 banks. Results showed that team-level goal and process clarity as well as team servant leadership served as 3 antecedents of team potency and subsequent team performance and team organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, we found that servant leadership moderated the relationships between both goal and process clarity and team potency, such that the positive relationships between both goal and process clarity and team potency were stronger in the presence of servant leadership.