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241.
通过两个眼动实验考察了在代词歧义消解中人们如何根据语境并利用语用知识理解隐含意义.实验一以24个语篇为实验材料,采用单因素两水平重复测量设计.结果表明间接方式下关键句阅读时间较长.实验二采用同样的实验设计,结果表明脱离语篇语境的关键句在不同条件下阅读时间相当.实验结果支持隐含意义的理解在句子加工的早期就已开始的联结主义观点. 相似文献
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243.
When up-down stimulus locations are mapped to left-right keypresses, an overall advantage for the up-right/down-left mapping is often obtained that varies as a function of response eccentricity. This orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effect also occurs when stimulus location is irrelevant, a phenomenon called the orthogonal Simon effect, and has been attributed to correspondence of stimulus and response code polarities. The Simon effect for horizontal stimulus-response (S-R) arrangements has been shown to be affected by short-term S-R associations established through the mapping used for a prior SRC task in which stimulus location was relevant. We examined whether such associations also transfer between orthogonal SRC and Simon tasks and whether correspondence of code polarities continues to contribute to performance in the Simon task. In Experiment 1, the orthogonal Simon effect was larger after practising with an up-right/down-left mapping of visual stimuli to responses than with the alternative mapping, for which the orthogonal Simon effect tended to reverse. Experiment 2 showed similar results when practice was with high (up) and low (down) pitch tones, though the influence of practice mapping was not as large as that in Experiment 1, implying that the short-term S-R associations acquired in practice are at least in part not modality specific. In Experiment 3, response eccentricity and practice mapping were shown to have separate influences on the orthogonal Simon effect, as expected if both code polarity and acquired S-R associations contribute to performance. 相似文献
244.
In the present study, we examined the time course of semantic and syntactic processing when Chinese is read. Readers’ eye
movements were monitored, and the relation between a single-character critical word and the sentence context was manipulated
such that three kinds of sentences were developed: (1) congruent, (2) those with a semantic violation, and (3) those with
both a semantic and a syntactic violation. The eye movement data showed that the first-pass reading times were significantly
longer for the target region in the two violation conditions than in the congruent condition. Moreover, the semantic + syntactic
violation caused more severe disruption than did the pure semantic violation, as reflected by longer first-pass reading times
for the target region and by longer go-past times for the target region and posttarget region in the former than in the latter
condition. These results suggest that the effects of, at least, a semantic violation can be detected immediately by Chinese
readers and that the processing of syntactic and semantic information is distinct in both first-pass and second-pass reading. 相似文献
245.
246.
东西方文明冲突与文化融合,既不是争夺话语权及同化的问题,也不是消融各自的特色,而是基于和谐在文化差异中分享与互尊。惟有正视这一点,中华文明的精神价值和思想资源才可能通过与西方经典的相互诠释来与西方文明沟通与交流,并追寻到当今世界根源性精神;进而发现一个为人类理性所能认同的共同的真理与价值标准。恰恰是通过对中西文化元典的比较研究,我们发现不同文化的冲突不可怕;它是进化的一个条件,但是你必须共同融合才能产生新的文明。 相似文献
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248.
People often fail to detect a change between two visual scenes and retrieval failure has been suggested as a reason. We investigated
the possibility that retrieval blocking underlies this failure by examining the error pattern in recognizing the pre-change
object. The results of Experiment 1 showed that participants were biased toward selecting the lure that was similar to the
post-change object when they failed to recognize the pre-change object. This bias was also observed in Experiment 2 when there
was sufficient time to encode and consolidate the pre-change object and the bias was as strong as correct recognition in Experiment
3 when participants divided attention during encoding and comparison. The bias in memory error remained significant even when
participants had the option to select an “I don’t remember” response in Experiment 4. In Experiment 5, the bias was observed
after participants successfully detected a change at an invalidly cued location and after they failed to detect a change at
a validly cued location. These findings suggest that blocking can lead to retrieval failure in change detection when participants
are aware of a change yet unable to retrieve verbatim traces and also when participants are unaware of a change and use the
post-change object to retrieve the identity of the previous object at the same location. 相似文献
249.
老子第十五章"蔽不新成"一句,各版本之间存在差异:河上公本、王弼本、范应元本作"蔽(敝)不新成",傅奕本、帛书老子乙本作"敝而不成",而想尔本、景龙本、遂州本、李荣本、司马光本均作"弊而复成".对此,许多研究者认为,此句应为"弊而复成"或是"弊而新成".其理由如下: 相似文献
250.