Progressive age-related changes in the attentional blink paradigm

Previous studies on aging and attention typically examine group differences between younger and older adults, rather than seeing aging as a continuous process. Using correlational analyses, this study examined progressive changes in the magnitude of the attentional blink (AB) associated with aging. Increased age was found to be significantly associated with the ability to detect the second target (T2), whereby older age was correlated with the production of a longer and more pronounced AB; this supports the proposition that aging is associated with reduced inhibitory processes and selective attention. It was also found that AB performance somewhat improves between ages 18-39 years, but tends to decline from 40 years of age onward, providing an interesting and novel finding that AB effects may become more sensitive at this point in time. The AB task may prove useful in the assessment of selective attention in normal healthy adults, as well as changes associated with pathological aging.     

Sun and water: on a modulus-based measurement of happiness

Most happiness researchers use semantic differential or Likert scales to assess happiness. Such conventionally used scales are susceptible to scale renorming (interpretation of scales differently in different contexts) and can produce a specious relativism effect (e.g., rating a low-income person happier than a high-income person in situations where the low-income person is not happier). Building on related psychophysical measurements, the authors propose a simple, survey-friendly, modulus-based scale of happiness and show that it is less susceptible to specious relativism than conventional rating scales but can still catch genuine relativism (e.g., rating a low-income person to be happier than a high-income person in situations where the low-income person is indeed happier).     

工作－家庭界面研究的新视角：工作家庭促进研究

工作家庭促进关注的是工作－家庭关系中的积极方面,指的是个体由于在某一社会系统（工作或者家庭）中的投入,而对另一系统（如家庭或者工作）的发展产生贡献的程度。文章首先探讨了工作家庭促进的理论源流、概念界定以及三个主要的研究方向;接下来介绍了基于系统论思想的促进发生机制模型;最后指出了今后两个首要的研究方向,即工作家庭促进测量工具的开发及其与相关变量的关系研究     

基于因子分析的创业策略之探索性研究

本研究采用二阶因子分析方法(CFA),对苏州、上海两地的各类型创业企业进行了探索性研究,借鉴国内外通用的创业策略维度,对于200多家苏州、上海两地企业的创业策略进行探索性因子分析。本文采用结构方程(SEM)"建模"的方法,采用LISREL8.7软件编程设计,最终得出中国背景下企业创业策略中包括竞争策略、创新策略、社区策略、服务策略、组织策略、政府策略以及发展策略7个维度。本研究结果对于创业型企业在制定创业策略时有重要意义。     

新媒体研究述评及其心理学研究取向

新媒体的横空出世,对人们的生活带来极大影响。针对新媒体自身的一些问题及其影响,国内外进行了一系列研究。在综观相关研究成果基础上,介绍了新媒体的内涵与外延、特征及新媒体时代的起始时间,并主要介绍了新媒体的研究焦点,包括新媒体对人们生活方式及生活质量的影响,影响人们对新媒体态度及行为背后的心理因素分析。最后,在综合评价已有研究的基础上,提出应进一步加强新媒体的心理学研究取向,同时指出新媒体研究问题的具体深入化、方法的多元化及研究的本土化是未来的研究趋向。     

个体早期情绪唤起与自我决定及主观活力的关系

以量表测量法初步探索早期情绪唤起与成年后自我决定水平及主观活力之间的关系,试图寻找情绪对人格组织的核心作用的证据。研究发现：①个体在早期父母行为调控中的某些基本情绪的唤起可以有效预测其成年后的自我决定和主观活力水平。②个体早期抵触情绪唤起对其成年后的自我决定和主观活力具有消极作用,而非负性情绪唤起则具有积极作用。研究结果支持基本情绪理论关于情绪处于人格结构的核心地位的观点。     

道家文化精神对山东新时期小说的影响

道家文化偏重于个体精神的超越和自由,在人与社会、人与自然关系上,强调人与自然的一体性,注重人的自然本性,其对于社会文化的批判着重于批判社会文化观念对人的自然本性的异化。道家自然人性论及其对人性异化现象的批判、道家人与自然一体观念对山东新时期小说创作具有重要影响。     

心率变异性在心身疾病和情绪障碍研究中的应用

心率变异性的频谱成分可单独反映交感神经和副交感神经活动的影响。高频（HF）是由迷走神经单独介导；低频（LF）受迷走神经和交感神经共同调制，但主要反映交感神经的活动性 。此指标可对高血压、冠心病和月经前期烦躁等心身障碍进行评价。该文还探讨了它用于情绪研究的价值，并认为在不同情绪体验期间的自主神经活动有多种搭配模式，正常人与情绪障碍者之间以及情绪障碍（抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、强迫）患者在自主神经活动方面可能存在显著差别     

The Cognitive Architecture of Perceived Animacy: Intention,Attention, and Memory

Human vision supports social perception by efficiently detecting agents and extracting rich information about their actions, goals, and intentions. Here, we explore the cognitive architecture of perceived animacy by constructing Bayesian models that integrate domain‐specific hypotheses of social agency with domain‐general cognitive constraints on sensory, memory, and attentional processing. Our model posits that perceived animacy combines a bottom–up, feature‐based, parallel search for goal‐directed movements with a top–down selection process for intent inference. The interaction of these architecturally distinct processes makes perceived animacy fast, flexible, and yet cognitively efficient. In the context of chasing, in which a predator (the “wolf”) pursues a prey (the “sheep”), our model addresses the computational challenge of identifying target agents among varying numbers of distractor objects, despite a quadratic increase in the number of possible interactions as more objects appear in a scene. By comparing modeling results with human psychophysics in several studies, we show that the effectiveness and efficiency of human perceived animacy can be explained by a Bayesian ideal observer model with realistic cognitive constraints. These results provide an understanding of perceived animacy at the algorithmic level—how it is achieved by cognitive mechanisms such as attention and working memory, and how it can be integrated with higher‐level reasoning about social agency.     

Suicide and Its Association with Individual,Family, Peer,and School Factors in an Adolescent Population in Southern Taiwan

A representative sample of 10,233 adolescent students was recruited to examine the rate of suicidal attempt and its correlates in the adolescents living in southern Taiwan. Five questions from the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (Kiddie‐SADS‐E) were used to inquire about the participants' suicidality. The associations between suicidal attempt and multidimensional factors were examined by using logistic regression analysis: 9.1% of the participants reported a suicidal attempt in the preceding year. Female gender, low self‐esteem, weekly alcohol use, illicit drugs use, depression, high family conflict, low maternal education level, poor family function, low connectedness to school, low rank, poor feeling in peer group, and drop out from school were associated with adolescent suicidal attempt. The rate of suicidal attempt was found to be high in Taiwanese adolescents, and multidimensional factors were correlated to adolescent suicidal attempt.