主体性、主体间性及道德实践中的言与行——哈贝马斯的论辩伦理与儒家道德学说之比较

哈贝马斯认为,在后形而上学时代,重建公共道德、达致社会团结的唯一途径是建立在交往行为基础之上的、主体间的、以共识为目标的道德论辩.这一构想因其空想性、其对语言性论辩过程的过分倚重以及对道德原则主体性的忽视而受到各方的批评与质疑.与之相比较,中国传统的儒家思想在承认道德主体间性的同时,肯定并强调道德的主体性,既注重道德问题的论辩性,更注重其实践性,从而为克服哈贝马斯所面-临的困难提供了一条富有启发意义的出路.     

不同学业成就小学生注意加工水平的比较研究

本研究运用PASS注意量表测验和眼动实验的方法来探讨注意加工水平与小学生学业成就的关系.两种方法结果均表明:(1)学优生自上而下的控制加工能力显著高于学困生;(2)学优生注意资源的容量显著多于学困生并且能更有效的运用注意资源;(3)学优生抑制分心物的能力显著高于学困生.     

汉语双字词超音段信息在语义激活中的作用

采用眼动方法,通过两个实验考察了汉语双字词超音段信息在语义激活中的作用。结果显示：（1）汉语双字词语义激活过程中,分别改变首字声调和尾字声调对语义激活起到抑制作用,首字声调改变时的抑制作用更大。结果支持了Cohort模型。（2）语义相关词的注视点和注视时间远远多于其控制词,但没有发现词频效应。（3）汉语声调的加工过程与声韵母一样,独立作用于语义激活过程。     

北京中学生的消费价值观与消费行为

对北京青少年的消费价值观和消费行为进行了探索性研究 ,被试为 13～ 19岁中学、职高及技校在校各年级学生 4193人 (男 10 86人 ,女 2 387人 ) ,用自编的中学生消费问卷、青少年亲子关系问卷、个人主义 -集体主义量表进行集体施测。因素分析结果表明 ,消费价值观包含保持勤俭传统、追求现代生活和消费压力 3个因素 ,北京大多数中学生的消费价值观是倾向于保持勤俭传统 ,贫富差距和消费能力的差距对大多数中学生来说没有构成压力。因素分析结果将青少年的消费行为分为谨慎型、流行型、实际型和攀比型 4种消费行为类型 ,谨慎型消费是北京中学生消费行为的主流。消费价值观与消费行为之间有着特定的关系。根据消费社会化理论对影响青少年消费价值观和行为的因素进行了分析 ,结果表明家庭社会经济地位和亲子关系都对青少年的消费模式产生影响。     

Young children's reports of when learning occurred

This study investigated young children's reports of when learning occurred. A total of 96 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds were recruited from suburban preschools and elementary schools. The children learned an animal fact and a body movement. A week later, children learned another animal fact and another body movement and then answered questions about when the different learning events occurred. Responses of children who responded correctly to control questions about time supported the hypothesis that temporal distance questions would elicit more correct responses than would temporal location questions. Partial support was also found for the hypothesis that behavior learning would generate more correct reports than would fact learning. Implications for characterizations of children's developing understanding of knowledge and for applications of those characterizations in education and eyewitness testimony are discussed.     

中国儒家传统金融伦理思想初探

本文试图探讨儒家的金融伦理思想。文章认为:儒家由人性自利的基础出发,强调金融合理的自然主义立场;由此进一步导出仁义为本的民本主义;智勇兼重的理性精神;礼让为先的合作精神等主要金融伦理原则。这些原则与诚信原则、互利互惠原则、节俭原则等一起构造了中国古代金融伦理体系。我们应该积极有效地从这些资源中吸取养料,在改造发展的原则下为建设适应社会主义市场经济制度的崭新的金融体系而努力。     

图像中的信仰与信仰中的图像——藏传佛教六道轮回图释义

宗教图像把经验与超验、真实与虚幻、欲望与禁忌等二元对立要素组织在同一观照过程中,并通过价值联想的方式构建一个经验事实。这种价值联想是对观视者自身在社会化过程中所习得经验的组织、提炼与整合。宗教图像把语言构造的教义理念的核心部分,物质化地凝固在一个有限的、可感知的局部空间中,让信众在知觉图像的过程中感受宗教,以直观生动的方式来引导和教化信众。而作为宗教信仰的象征符号,任何一个宗教图像都可能面对两种潜在的观众:信仰者和非信仰者。从非信仰者的角度审视宗教图像,人们依托的是自己特定的知识经验背景和以往世俗生活意义进行注解,寻找其宗教学线索和宗教艺术品的审美感受,而对于信仰者而言,每一个图像的知觉都试图唤起其内心的感验与参悟,即体验和拥有宗教。本文以藏传佛教六道轮回图为例,通过投射分析,说明宗教图像在两类不同观者内心唤起的不同心理释义过程,从一个侧面也反映出宗教图像教化功能的社会心理机制。     

儒道合作 共建和谐世界

春秋战国时期,是社会大变革,生产大发展的时期,也是中华文化辉煌灿烂的时期。这个时期涌现出了一批文化哲人,孔     

Rapid contact call-driven induction of NR2A and NR2B NMDA subunit mRNAs in the auditory thalamus of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to assess the effect of auditory stimulation with natural contact calls on expression of NR2A and NR2B NMDA subunit mRNAs in neurons of the thalamic auditory relay nucleus ovoidalis (Ov) of a vocal learning parrot species, the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The results showed that both the core (Ov) and ventromedial shell subdivisions (Ovm) of ovoidalis contained neurons expressing NR2A and NR2B mRNA in no-stimulation control subjects and that the distributions of neurons expressing these subunit mRNAs were very similar in both the core and shell of Ov. Contact call stimulation (5, 30 and 180 min) resulted in substantial increases of 50-60% in the number of neurons expressing NR2A and NR2B mRNAs in both the core and shell. Staining intensity, as measured by the optical density of stained somata approximately doubled compared to controls for both NR2 subunits in the 5 and 30 min conditions, but declined from 30 to 180 min. In all conditions, the density, but not staining intensity, of neurons expressing NR2B exceeded NR2A expression. Furthermore, the density of neurons expressing both subunit mRNAs in call stimulation conditions was greater in the core than in the shell despite the fact that total neuronal density was approximately 20% higher in the shell. Previous experiments have shown that call stimulation is more effective at inducing expression of the immediate early gene zenk in the Ov shell than core; however the present results do not indicate that either NR2A or NR2B mRNA expression mediates this effect since neither subunit exhibits greater expression in Ovm. Ca(++) release is needed for immediate early gene expression, however and, notably, Ovm contains large numbers of neurons containing CGRP, a peptide which has been shown to increase cytosolic Ca(++) levels.