Identification of biological neurons using adaptive observers

Change detection performance is influenced by a number of factors, among which is the informativeness of targets. It has not been clarified, yet, whether the highly informative regions have a processing priority as a result of resource deployment from other tasks or whether it results from a better resource management. In this paper, we adopted a change detection paradigm in which thirty participants were randomly assigned to two groups: single (change detection task) and dual task [change detection and a simplified version of the Paced Auditory Serial Oppository Task (PASOT, Gow and Deary in J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 26:723–736, 2004), which implies a verbal effort]. Stimulus informativeness was defined as social relevance, that is, changing targets were people (high relevance) versus objects (low relevance), all other aspects (i.e., salience and position in the scene) kept constant. As hypothesized, data analyses showed a significant main effect of social relevance and task condition, i.e., better change detection performance and lower change detection times for people versus objects and for single than for dual task condition. Interestingly, the PASOT accuracy remained stable across the person versus object trials, thus implying that the better performance with socially relevant targets could not be explained by a resources withdrawal from the secondary task.

高低自立水平儿童道德情绪判断及归因特点的实验研究

本研究运用故事情境的临床访谈方法探讨了高、低自立水平儿童的道德情绪判断及归因模式.结果显示,在道德判断任务中,两组儿童在三种侵犯情景(说谎、偷拿、伤害)下均无显著差异;在情绪判断任务中,在偷拿情境和伤害情境下,高自立组对犯过者的情绪判断为高兴/开心者显著少于低自立组,而判断为难过/羞愧者显著多于低自立组;在归因模式上,两组儿童在说谎情境下没有显著差异,而在偷拿情境和伤害情境下,高自立组个人定向显著少于低自立组,而道德定向显著多于低自立组.研究结果提示儿童自立水平越高其道德情绪判断的归因越是"道德定向"的,自立水平越低其道德情绪判断的归因越是"个人定向"的.自立行为发展水平可能是影响儿童道德情绪判断和归因的因素之一.     

普通高校体育教师职业认同与工作满意度的关系研究

研究探讨了普通高校体育教师的核心自我评价、组织承诺、职业认同和工作满意度的关系.研究发现:职业认同和组织承诺是两种不同的心理结构;普通高校体育教师的核心自我评价和组织承诺影响着职业认同,核心自我评价、组织承诺和职业认同影响着工作满意度.     

在公共生活与私人生活之间:传统伦理的现代境遇

In terms of life space, individuals are usually settled in different spaces according to relationships of blood, geography, and profession. In pre-modern societies, ethics were realized through customs, conventions, taboos, magical practices, and politics. Because this was not an open process in which rationality was sufficiently employed, non-reflectiveness and non-criticality were its essence, and intuitions and feelings were its basic modes of existence. In modern societies, the logic of capital movement settles groups of people according to their economic dependence, and interactions based on individuals’ desires and self-serving calculations have become widespread and frequent. A space for public interaction and life in which rationality is sufficiently employed and rational bases of the rules are constantly questioned thus finally came into being. Families and villages lost their centrality, resulting in a crisis of private interactions and life, and of its system of norms. __________ Translated by Liu Huawei from Zhongguo renmin daxue xuebao 中国人民大学学报 (Journal of Renmin University of China), 2008, (1): 78–85     

广州监狱警察士气状况

目的：为解广州市监狱警察工作士气状况对心理健康状况提供建议。方法：采用监狱警察工作问卷对广州137名狱警进行问卷调查。结果表明：在工作投入、团队精神、需求满足,职业兴趣四个维度上高于中等强度水平在专业精神,组织认同两个维度上处于中等水平。结论：广州市监狱警察总体士气在中等偏上水平。     

耳蜗退行性病变疗效评价

耳蜗退行性病变所致疾病已成为影响人类生活质量的主要问题之一.本文从发病机制、影响因素、临床决策方面阐述耳蜗退行性病变的研究进展,为耳蜗退行性病变所致的耳聋、耳鸣等疾病的科学研究及临床对策制定提供参考.旨在干预耳蜗退行病变,降低其发生率,提高人们生活质量.     

孔子的仁与礼乐

在孔子心目中,仁包括了人视、听、言、动等各个方面的内容。正是因为仁的集合性,每个个体的人具有不同的质,所以孔子在回答不同弟子关于什么是仁的时候,就有了不同的答案。但目的是相同的,就是希望弟子都能养成美好的道德,努力达到仁的境界。孔子是从＂美＂的角度理解仁的,从内心到外表都做到了＂美＂,就达到了＂仁＂的高度。＂仁＂的思想体现在孔子的一言一行中,同样反映在孔子对于乐的理解与理论上。礼和乐是不可分割的,在礼崩乐坏、时代大变革的背景下,孔子利用礼的理性特征和乐的感性特征,达到其社会教化的目的,把＂尽善尽美＂和＂文质彬彬＂的思想贯穿其中,以实现其＂天下归仁＂的理想。     

现代“四德”对传统美德承接点的探析

胡锦涛在党的十七大报告中提出了"加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德建设"的任务,同时又指出了"弘扬中华文化"的途径和方向.从传统美德中的"礼"、"忠"、"孝"、"仁"的蕴义里,挖掘其底蕴,利用其精髓,并以其作为现代"四德"的承接点,是加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德和个人品德建设的重要途径.     

论人与自然和谐发展的生态伦理意蕴

如何协调人与自然的关系,走出生存环境危机已成为关系人类前途的重大课题.这一课题不仅直接影响着全球经济的可持续发展,而且严重地威胁着人类的生存.在马克思、恩格斯所处的工业文明时代.全球生态环境并没有像今天这样空前恶化和引人注目,但是他们在论述人与自然的关系时,从理论上探讨了人与自然的辩证关系,创立了生态平衡发展的完整观念,形成了独特的马克思主义生态文明观.这一思想为当今保持人与自然的和谐发展奠定了伦理基础.     

被试自身人手初始状态对心理旋转加工的影响：眼动研

利用眼动追踪技术,探讨在左右手判断任务条件下人手心理旋转加工是否受到被试自身人手初始状态的影响。两个实验的反应时数据和眼动数据均发现：（1）心理旋转加工受被试自身人手初始状态的影响,表现出一致性效应;（2）显著的内旋效应;（3）被试心理旋转加工时注视点取样存在着不均衡性。这些结果表明：在左右手判断任务中,心理旋转加工的对象是被试自身人手的表象,是自我参照的心理旋转,并且内旋效应是由被试对自身人手表象进行旋转时受到人手生理机制约束所致,而不是被试旋转刺激图片的表象由“生理机制约束知识”影响所致