Chinese consumer ethnocentrism: A field experiment

Consumer ethnocentrism presents barriers for internationalising organisations. In China, evidence of a resurgent nationalism partly fuelled by rapid economic growth portends a shift in consumption away from foreign towards domestic products. On the other hand, rising consumer demand for branded and luxury products cannot be fully met domestically. However, much of the available evidence on Chinese consumer ethnocentrism is anecdotal and is based on attitudinal surveys that, as accurate measures of actual purchasing behaviour, suffer from certain methodological issues. In response, we report an experiment that measures the ethnocentrism of 447 Chinese consumers as their incentive‐compatible choices between foreign and domestic products in a field setting. Our findings show little effect of foreign origin on subjects' choices that were only weakly related with attitudinal measures including the commonly used consumer ethnocentric tendencies scale (CETSCALE). Our results question the existence of ethnocentric consumer behaviour in China and the use of CETSCALE to gauge it generally. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Automatic attention towards face or body as a function of mating motivation

Because women?s faces and bodies carry different cues of reproductive value, men may attend to different perceptual cues as functions of their long-term versus short-term mating motivations. We tested this hypothesis in three experiments on 135 male and 132 female participants. When influenced by short-term rather than long-term mating motivations, men?s attention was captured by (Study 1), was shifted to (Study 2), and was distracted by (Study 3) the waist/hip area rather than the face on photographs of attractive women. Similar effects were not found among the female participants in response to photographs of attractive men. These results support the evolutionary view that, similar to the attentional selectivity found in other domains of life, male perceptual attention has evolved to selectively capture and hold reproductive information about the opposite sex as a function of short-term versus long-term mating goals.     

预期背离下奖励与惩罚的ERPs研究

采用Flanker范式,通过事件相关电位(ERPs)技术,探讨预期背离情境下的脑电反应及与敏感性个体的关系。选取17名被试,采取2×2组内设计刺激类型（奖励vs.惩罚）和预期受挫（是vs.否）;结果表明（1）预期受挫情境引发更高的FRN;（2）惩罚刺激引发更高的FRN,奖励刺激引发更高的P3;（3）惩罚敏感与惩罚、无奖励情境引发FRN相关。本实验结果表明（1）FRN既反应对反馈效价的加工,也可能是预期背离的一种表现;（2）无奖励刺激受惩罚系统调节;无惩罚刺激受奖励系统调节。     

任务难度与老化对大脑激活的影响——以线索记忆编码为例

以汉语名词双字词对为材料,采用了两种性质、三种难度水平的线索回忆任务对12名老年被试和15名年轻被试的项目记忆编码过程进行fMRI扫描,考察在编码阶段大脑激活受任务难度变化和老化的影响。行为研究结果发现:年龄的主效应、难度的主效应以及难度与年龄交互作用均显著,即,随着任务难度的增加,老年人的成绩更加明显地低于年轻人。神经成像研究结果发现:(1)当词对的相关性降低时,大脑激活的增强主要表现为面积的增加,而当词对的频率降低时,主要表现在激活强度的增加上。(2)任务难度和大脑激活面积、强度之间均不存在对应的递增变化关系。(3)仅当词对的相关性降低时,老年人比年轻人调用了更多的额叶脑区。     

家庭文化环境对幼儿语音意识的作用

本研究用结构方程模型,检验幼儿家庭文化环境的结构及其与语音意识的关系。结果证实:家庭文化环境包括家庭文化资源和家庭文化活动,其中家庭文化活动又可以划分为,正式的家庭文化活动及非正式的家庭文化活动。家庭文化资源通过家庭文化活动影响幼儿的语音意识,只有非正式的家庭文化活动对语音意识的作用显著。     

19世纪英国的济贫院制度初探

从17世纪开始,济贫院在英国逐步发展起来;1834年后,院内救济成为新济贫法体系的核心。济贫法委员会希望通过济贫院的威慑作用,促使贫民自力更生,减少济贫开支。济贫院遵循“劣等处置”和“济贫院检验”两个原则,院内的生活比较悲惨,被大众冠以穷人的“巴士底狱”,到19世纪70年代后才逐步得到改善。济贫院制度在英国社会保障制度和福利国家形成过程中起到不可忽视的作用。     

作为一种生活方式的媒介主义

随着大众传播时代的到来和传媒在数字化、网络化意义上的深化,媒介元素不仅成为了现代性的工具条件,而且也越来越成为一种生活方式的重构与塑形载体,发挥着人类意识形态的社会功能。当代社会生活在印刷和电子媒介的影响下,正在或将要朝着现代化和多样化的方向呈现和延伸,人类生活史也在媒介技术的变迁]进中不断地获得新生。     

中国本土化心理治疗的回顾与思考

心理治疗的理论建构、价值取向和具体操作,受到社会文化的深刻影响,而现代的心理治疗理论及操作技术多产生于西方,所以应该研究创立中国本土化的心理治疗理论及操作技术.通过对中国古代传统心理治疗和现代西方心理治疗中国化的回顾,分析中国文化和哲学对本土心理治疗的影响,探讨发展中国本土化心理治疗的途径.     

非医用胚胎植入前基因诊断性别的伦理思考

对胚胎植入前基因诊断(PGD)性别的非医学用途,尚有很多争议。从伦理学角度考虑,非医用PGD性别选择存在文化差异,在亚洲一些国家可能会引起人口性别比失衡以及性别歧视等,在西方一些国家可能不存在类似问题。