Young children's reports of when learning occurred

This study investigated young children's reports of when learning occurred. A total of 96 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds were recruited from suburban preschools and elementary schools. The children learned an animal fact and a body movement. A week later, children learned another animal fact and another body movement and then answered questions about when the different learning events occurred. Responses of children who responded correctly to control questions about time supported the hypothesis that temporal distance questions would elicit more correct responses than would temporal location questions. Partial support was also found for the hypothesis that behavior learning would generate more correct reports than would fact learning. Implications for characterizations of children's developing understanding of knowledge and for applications of those characterizations in education and eyewitness testimony are discussed.     

我院门诊应用抗菌药物处方分析

为了解我院门诊抗菌药使用状况,随机抽取全院2006年10月门诊处方1000份,统计并综合分析了使用抗菌药物的比率、抗菌药物种类及联合用药情况等项目。结果显示,门诊抗菌药的使用比率为20．90％,联合用抗菌药的比率为7．26％;合理用药处方占84．7％,但在某些方面还存在不合理现象。宜制定相应措施,提高用药合理性。     

Interactional justice and the fair process effect: The role of outcome uncertainty

This paper reconciles the inconsistent findings on the interactive effect of interactional justice and social comparison information on outcome evaluation. We distinguish two different effects of interactional justice and examine outcome uncertainty as a qualifying factor. Three hundred and fifty-seven undergraduates participated in a scenario experiment. It is found that, due to the functional quality effect, interactional justice significantly influences outcome evaluation, regardless of the social comparison information that is available, in situations of low outcome uncertainty. However, due to the fair process effect, interactional justice, as with procedural justice, interacts with social comparison information to influence outcome evaluation in situations of high outcome uncertainty. Implications for comparison referents and social comparison motives in social justice research are discussed.     

中国儒家传统金融伦理思想初探

本文试图探讨儒家的金融伦理思想。文章认为:儒家由人性自利的基础出发,强调金融合理的自然主义立场;由此进一步导出仁义为本的民本主义;智勇兼重的理性精神;礼让为先的合作精神等主要金融伦理原则。这些原则与诚信原则、互利互惠原则、节俭原则等一起构造了中国古代金融伦理体系。我们应该积极有效地从这些资源中吸取养料,在改造发展的原则下为建设适应社会主义市场经济制度的崭新的金融体系而努力。     

图像中的信仰与信仰中的图像——藏传佛教六道轮回图释义

宗教图像把经验与超验、真实与虚幻、欲望与禁忌等二元对立要素组织在同一观照过程中,并通过价值联想的方式构建一个经验事实。这种价值联想是对观视者自身在社会化过程中所习得经验的组织、提炼与整合。宗教图像把语言构造的教义理念的核心部分,物质化地凝固在一个有限的、可感知的局部空间中,让信众在知觉图像的过程中感受宗教,以直观生动的方式来引导和教化信众。而作为宗教信仰的象征符号,任何一个宗教图像都可能面对两种潜在的观众:信仰者和非信仰者。从非信仰者的角度审视宗教图像,人们依托的是自己特定的知识经验背景和以往世俗生活意义进行注解,寻找其宗教学线索和宗教艺术品的审美感受,而对于信仰者而言,每一个图像的知觉都试图唤起其内心的感验与参悟,即体验和拥有宗教。本文以藏传佛教六道轮回图为例,通过投射分析,说明宗教图像在两类不同观者内心唤起的不同心理释义过程,从一个侧面也反映出宗教图像教化功能的社会心理机制。     

When and why does sense of power hinder self-reported helping behavior? Testing a moderated mediation model in Chinese undergraduates

Many studies on power and its influence on pro-social behavior have been conducted with Western samples. Little is known about whether the relevant research findings can be extended to other cultural settings. This study investigates the relationship between sense of power and self-reported helping behavior in Chinese culture. Using a sample of 388 undergraduate students, this study examines a moderated mediation model in which moral identity serves as a moderator and perspective taking serves as a mediator. The results show that sense of power is negatively associated with helping behavior, and this association is mediated by perspective taking. That is, sense of power exerts a negative effect on perspective taking, thereby decreasing people's tendency to help others. In addition, moral identity moderates the direct and indirect effect from sense of power to helping behavior. Specifically, when moral identity is low, sense of power exerts negative effects on perspective taking and helping behavior, but these effects become non-significant when moral identity is high. This study sheds new light on the understanding of sense of power by examining its profound role in influencing pro-social engagement in Eastern cultures. Our findings suggest that powerful people with lower levels of moral identity may be less willing to consider others' thoughts and feelings, and act less helping behavior. While high moral identity may buffer the negative effect of sense of power and enable powerful people to better play a role in promoting social harmony.