教学改革与健全人格养成

教学改革包括教学观念、教学内容、教学方式、学习方式、教学评价等方面的改革。教学改革的最终目的在于实现学生学习方式的转变,促进学生健全人格的养成。20世纪以来世界范围内的课程教学改革整体趋势是儿童本位→知识、智力本位→人本位→以学生发展为本位。本文分别就教学观念、教学内容、教学方式、学习方式、教学评价体系的革新与个体健全人格养成的关系进行了评论性的综述。     

领导-部属交换的多维结构及对工作绩效和情境绩效的影响

通过两项研究,对领导-部属交换的结构及其对员工的工作绩效和情境绩效进行了探讨。采用探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、分层回归分析等方法对来自不同企业的员工及其主管的问卷调查结果进行了分析。 结果表明,领导-部属交换是一个多维度的结构,由情感、忠诚、贡献和专业尊敬四个维度组成。单维度的领导-部属交换和多维度的领导-部属交换都对员工的工作绩效和情境绩效具有预测作用,但多维度领导-部属交换的预测作用更强。     

从银雀山汉简看王念孙对《晏子春秋》的校勘

王念孙《读书杂志》对于古籍的校勘,历来受到学者们的推崇,但一些具体结论也多有争议。由于70年代山东银雀山出土的汉简中有一部分是《晏子春秋》,我们可以通过对比看王念孙校勘的成就与局限。     

Promoting de-escalation of commitment: a regulatory-focus perspective on sunk costs

People frequently escalate their commitment to failing endeavors. Explanations for such behavior typically involve loss aversion, failure to recognize other alternatives, and concerns with justifying prior actions; all of these factors produce recommitment to previous decisions with the goal of erasing losses and vindicating these decisions. Solutions to escalation of commitment have therefore focused on external oversight and divided responsibility during decision making to attenuate loss aversion, blindness to alternatives, and justification biases. However, these solutions require substantial resources and have additional adverse effects. The present studies tested an alternative method for de-escalating commitment: activating broad motivations for growth and advancement (promotion). This approach should reduce concerns with loss and increase perceptions of alternatives, thereby attenuating justification motives. In two studies featuring hypothetical financial decisions, activating promotion motivations reduced recommitment to poorly performing investments as compared with both not activating any additional motivations and activating motivations for safety and security (prevention).     

Travelling backwards and forwards in time: culture and gender in the episodic specificity of past and future events

There is considerable evidence that, when recalling past events, Westerners exhibit greater episodic specificity than East Asians and women exhibit greater episodic specificity than men. Yet it is unknown whether the same cultural and gender differences are true for future events. In the present study 209 European American and Chinese young adults were asked to recall past personal events and imagine future personal events occurring in varied time periods (i.e., 1 week, 1 year, 10-15 years). Regardless of time period, European Americans consistently produced more specific details than Chinese for future events than they did for past events, and women produced more specific details than men for both past and future events. These findings provide additional support for the constructive-episodic-simulation hypothesis, and shed new light on the influence of culture and gender on episodic thinking.     

现代性语境下公共性问题的哲学批判

对现代性语境下公共性问题进行哲学批判必须满足两个要求:一是对公共性为何发生和如何发生进行前提考察和过程分析,这是我们立足于公共性角度对现代性进行辩护的理论依据;二是对现代性语境下作为问题出现的公共性进行价值判断、找出社会根据,并就公共性的重建问题给出可能的解决     

幼儿基于信息判断的选择性信任——与亲社会行为及决策判断的关系

选择性信任指人们在面对不同信息传达者时,能依据信息的正误区分出他们的可信赖度,从而有选择地相信某些传达者。本研究探讨幼儿选择性信任与亲社会行为及决策判断的关系。研究一以75名3～4岁幼儿为研究对象,采用选择性信任任务与分配糖果任务相结合的模式,探讨亲社会行为与选择性信任的关系,发现3～4岁幼儿在选择性信任形成后,亲社会倾向更多地指向可信赖者。研究二关注选择性信任与幼儿的决策判断的关系,在对72名3～4岁幼儿的研究中发现,在众多颜色糖果的选择中,相对于对照组的均等偏好,实验组的3～4岁幼儿决策判断明显受到可信赖者的影响,即更倾向于选择可信赖者推荐的颜色糖果。     

放弃治疗后,以护理为主导的医学服务和人文关怀

剖析放弃治疗后死亡病案508例,分析放弃治疗的原因、疾病和形式,放弃治疗后护理工作存在的问题.提出在放弃治疗后,临床护理决策:对于护理工作发生的变化,应该提高认识,培养护理人员人文素质和法律意识,应该加强护理管理和规范,放弃治疗后,护理应该承担医学服务和人文关怀的主导作用.     

道家“因”论

＂因＂是道家政治哲学的核心范畴,＂因者,君之纲＂。道家＂因＂论包含有因循、因仍、因应和因凭四重内涵,其价值功用是＂因则无敌＂。道家＂因＂论作为一种＂君术＂,强调＂因臣之为＂和＂因民之性＂两个基本面,其总的原则是＂曲因其当＂,而核心本质则凸显为＂舍己而以物为法＂。     

Mediating effects of negative emotions in parent–child conflict on adolescent problem behavior

Hierarchical regression analyses were used to study four types of negative emotions (rage, resentment, perceived threat, and self‐blame) as possible mediators of the effect of parent–child conflict on internalizing (psychosomatic symptoms and social withdrawal) and externalizing (violent aggression and deviance) behavior in 724 adolescents. After controlling for demographic variables, the results showed that for both parents conflict had a positive main effect on internalizing and externalizing behavior. Of the four types of negative emotions, rage was the strongest mediator to mediate the effect of conflict on violent aggression, and resentment was the strongest mediator to mediate the effect of conflict on psychosomatic symptoms, social withdrawal, and deviant behavior. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.