情绪效价与面孔类型对幼儿无意视盲的影响

幼儿对不同的情绪面孔图片存在不同的注意偏向,考察情绪效价与面孔类型对幼儿无意视盲的影响,可以帮助我们进一步认识幼儿对情绪面孔的注意偏向。本研究采用静态无意视盲的实验范式,通过2（面孔类型：符号化卡通、真人）×2（情绪效价：积极、消极）被试间完全随机设计,考察了111名幼儿（62.5±3.6个月,男生60名）在无意注意条件下对不同情绪效价和不同类型面孔的觉察情况。结果表明：（1）幼儿对积极情绪面孔的觉察率显著高于消极情绪面孔;（2）符号化卡通面孔与真人面孔的整体觉察率不存在显著差异;（3）积极情绪面孔中符号化卡通面孔的觉察率高于真人面孔。综上,情绪效价对无意视盲的影响会基于面孔类型的不同而不同,幼儿对卡通积极情绪面孔有更显著的注意偏向。     

幼儿外倾性与攻击行为的关系:自我控制和母亲温暖教养的调节作用

本研究以上海市某幼儿园的237名3~6岁幼儿为被试,请母亲填写幼儿气质及教养方式问卷,幼儿园教师评定幼儿的攻击行为,探讨幼儿外倾性与攻击行为的关系,以及自我控制和母亲温暖教养方式在其中的保护作用。结果表明,自我控制和母亲温暖可以调节幼儿外倾性与攻击行为的关系。与较低的自我控制和母亲温暖的幼儿相比,幼儿较高的自我控制和母亲温暖,可以弱化外倾性与攻击行为的正向关联。结果揭示了自我控制和母亲温暖对幼儿外倾性具有保护作用,有助于减弱这些个体的攻击行为。     

同伴侵害对留守青少年主观幸福感的影响:自尊和社会支持的作用

采用追踪设计,对贵州省487名留守青少年进行间隔6个月的两次追踪调查,考察同伴侵害对男女留守青少年主观幸福感的影响以及自尊、教师支持和朋友支持在其中的作用。结果表明：（1）同伴侵害不仅能显著负向预测半年后留守青少年的主观幸福感,还能通过自尊的中介作用间接预测主观幸福感;（2）朋友支持可以显著缓解同伴侵害对男女留守青少年主观幸福感的消极影响：当朋友支持较低时,同伴侵害对男女留守青少年主观幸福感的消极作用显著,当朋友支持较高时则不存在显著影响;（3）教师支持可以显著缓解同伴侵害对留守女生主观幸福感的直接作用：相对于高教师支持的女生,同伴侵害对主观幸福感的影响在低教师支持的女生中更强;教师支持还可以调节留守女生同伴侵害与自尊之间的关系：相对于低教师支持的女生,同伴侵害对自尊的影响在高教师支持的女生中更显著。     

Looking, laughing, and smiling in dyads as a function of intimacy motivation and reciprocity

Eighty college students (40 females and 40 males) were administered the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and interviewed in either a one-way (interviewer asks questions) or reciprocal (interviewer asks questions and discloses information about him- or herself) condition by a same-sex interviewer. The TATs were scored for intimacy motivation. In this 2 (Female vs. Male) × 2 (High vs. Low Intimacy Motive) × 2 (Reciprocal vs. One-Way Condition) experiment, intimacy motivation was positively associated with greater levels of laughter, smiling, and eye contact for the entire sample, as hypothesized. Furthermore, women showed significantly higher scores than men on laughter, smiling, and eye contact. Contrary to a second hypothesis, high intimacy motivation combined with reciprocal condition did not yield the highest levels of laughter, smiling, and eye contact. The results extend the construct validation literature for intimacy motivation into the domain of nonverbal behaviors considered to be indicative of positive interpersonal regard in cordial human interactions.     

Group psychotherapy with borderline patients: Contrasting remainers and dropouts

Borderline patients present major treatment difficulties in almost every treatment modality. The reason borderlines drop out or fail to benefit from therapy are obscure. Some findings points to the important factor of therapist and patient fit. In the present study, two therapy groups with borderline patients were followed for 20 months. In the study, the therapists were found to individualize the process and their interventions were found to be unevenly distributed among future remainers and dropouts especially during periods of group instability. The results were interpreted along with the Pygmalion hypothesis, that is, that the fit and the therapists' perceived trustworthiness were crucial factors for group psychotherapy outcome for borderline patients.     

The content of aliefs

In “Against alief”, Mandelbaum (Philos Stud 165(1):197–211, 2013) argues that if aliefs—a sui generis kind of mental states originally posited by Gendler (J Philos 105(10):634–663, 2008a; Mind Lang 23(5):552–585, 2008b; Analysis 72(4):799–811, 2012)—are to play the explanatory role that is usually ascribed to them, their contents must be propositionally structured. However, he contends, if aliefs have propositional contents, it is unclear what distinguishes them from beliefs. I find Mandelbaum’s arguments in favour of the idea that aliefs must have propositional contents to be compelling. However, I think aliefs should only be credited with a deflated kind of propositional content that I will baptize as “semi-structured propositional contents”, since they are composed by representational units that are neither fully un-detachable nor fully re-combinable. As I will argue, this way of understanding the content of aliefs not only allows us to accommodate all the worries raised by Mandelbaum regarding the nature of their contents, but it also it helps explain why aliefs have some of the peculiar features that Gendler ascribes to them. Consequently, it gives to the advocates of aliefs new tools to defend, against Mandelbaum, that these are sui generis mental states with their distinctive functional role in our cognitive lives.

     

员工正念对配偶家庭满意度和工作投入的影响

文章基于资源保存理论, 采用体验抽样法收集了一家商业银行114名员工及其配偶的数据。结果表明, 在个体内层面, 员工正念通过员工情感联结策略的中介作用影响其配偶家庭满意度及第二天早上工作投入; 在个体间层面的配偶家庭负面情感表达调节了员工正念与员工情感联结策略的关系及员工情感联结策略的中介作用, 即配偶家庭负面情感表达水平越高, 员工正念对员工情感联结策略的影响及员工情感联结策略的中介作用相对更弱。     

Are the psychophysical laws fine-tuned?

International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - Neil Sinhababu (Am Philos Q 54(1):89–98, 2017) has recently argued against the fine-tuning argument for God. They claim that the question of...     

基于自我参照编码的复合反应范式：有效鉴别有罪者和无罪知情者

隐藏信息测试在司法实践中应用受限的主要原因是容易将知道犯罪相关信息的无罪知情者误判为有罪者, 因此, 需探索有效区分有罪者和无罪知情者、有罪者和无罪不知情者的测谎技术。复合反应范式(complex trial protocol, CTP)是一种能有效抵抗反测谎的隐藏信息测试, 但尚未成功用于鉴别有罪者和无罪知情者。本研究设计了可同时测量EPN和P300的基于自我参照编码的CTP, 每个试次的第一部分随机呈现探测刺激或无关刺激, 第二部分随机呈现目标刺激(自己姓名)或非目标刺激(他人姓名), 要求被试在两个部分看到刺激时均做“与我有关”和“与我无关”的反应。结果表明, 基于自我参照编码的CTP能有效区分有罪者和无罪知情者, EPN区分有罪者和无罪知情者的鉴别力优于P300, P300区分有罪者和无罪不知情者的鉴别力优于EPN。