八至十五岁儿童交集概念和解交集数学题能力的发展研究——儿童认知结构发展变化的研究之一

本文探讨了8—15岁儿童掌握交集概念的发展水平及解答交集应用题的过程,分析了儿童认知过程中各认知成分的交互作用。 实验结果表明:小学儿童已具有掌握简单交集概念的心理基础;对交集的认知包括概念、表象、感知操作等成分的交互作用,其中表象、感知操作成分具有重要意义;儿童解交集课题是一种主动积极的认知活动,他们主动思考,采取策略,通过实物和图片的帮助而上升到概念水平上的理解。     

Engagement and recruitment for family therapy research in community settings

Based on the recruitment experience in a family therapy research project with heroin addicts, this paper explores the difficulties of researcher networking with other social service agencies. Concepts from contextual family therapy are used to explore four general areas that contribute to successful intra-agency relationships: 1) Evaluating the nature of larger system relationships; 2) identifying the resources and needs of a clinic; 3) joining with the counseling staff; and 4) addressing the impact of public policy and ideology on clinic life. A case of engaging one clinic is presented and nine guidelines for engaging large community settings for participation in family therapy research are offered. These areas are considered in light of the relational dynamics that arise when working with multiple social service systems.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Family Therapy Association conference in Washington, DC, June 1986. The authors are grateful to the recruitment staff of the Intergenerational Family Therapy Project: Guillermo Lopez, Bart Rubin, Sharara Godfry, and Armando Chenyek. This research was supported in part by a grant to Guillermo Bernal from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA03543).     

Midlife divorce initiation: From crisis to developmental transition

The midlife phase in the marital relationship is a complicated transition period, challenging the flexibility and coping skills of every couple. Separation-Divorce Initiation (S/DI) at this time can serve a special function in the change process required in this stage. A comprehensive therapeutic model for S/DI couples is described. It includes (1) assessment of the relationship's stamina and the function of the S/DI; (2) treating symptoms and reactions to the traumatic event in an emergency intervention mode; (3) steps and techniques to help the couple overcome the traumatic effects of the SD/I and to rebuild their relationship on a more appropriate basis.     

Perceptions of primary supervisor interpersonal skills: A critical incident analysis

This study surveyed a randomly selected group of Approved Supervisors of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (n = 280) and their supervisees (n = 266) on their perceptions of the primary supervisor interpersonal skill used in supervisory incidents that had a positive effect on supervisee development. Supervisor directiveness was the most identified skill by both supervisors and supervisees.This study was funded in part by grants from the Research Committee of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy; the Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University; and the School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Purdue University Calumet.     

Gender in family therapy supervision

While gender has taken its place as a fundamental construct in family therapy theory, little has been written about gender in family therapy supervision. This paper attempts to redefine gender as it pertains to families, family therapy, and family therapy supervision; call attention to aspects of gender as they apply to training in family therapy and family therapy supervision; and suggest ways that family therapy supervisors can sensitize themselves to issues of gender so that they can be more effective in supervision.The author gratefully acknowledges her husband, Victor Nelson, STM, and Eric McCollum, PhD, for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper and for helping with the idea that men are raised to fix things, women to make them better.     

A faith for all seasons

A FAITH FOR ALL SEASONS:ISLAM AND WESTERN MODERNITY. By Shabbir Akhtar. London: Bellew Publishing, 1990. 251pp. Hb. £25.00. ISBN 0–947792–41–4.     

Self-image formation in adopted children: The environment within

Adoption of a child is an event in which a number of crises have converged. Both the biologic and adoptive families have contributed their failures and crises, and the subsequent interpretations of these by the adopted child can lead to polarized themes of goodness and badness. The absence of the biologic parents and of a coherent history reinforces the tendency to splitting. This paper explores these operations and raises questions about prevailing adoption practices.Paper presented at Spence-Chapin Symposium on Identity Problems of Children in Non-Nuclear Families, April 11, 1981.     

灵长动物初级抽象概括能力的比较实验研究(Ⅰ)金丝猴对实物、照片和画片的概括

本实验的目的是研究金丝猴对于从三维客体到其二维的照片及图片的概括能力。实验在三只未成年金丝猴身上进行。在基础训练中,训练动物辨别墨水瓶模型和小房子模型。然后用它们的照片和图画进行测验。实验表明三只金丝猴都不能把对客体的辨别迁移到照片和图画上去。