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Stacey Grayson Calli Tzani‐Pepelasi Ntaniella‐Roumpini Pylarinou Maria Ioannou Vasiliki Artinopoulou 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2020,17(2):142-159
The present study examines suicide notes, using a sample of suicide notes from published corpora (N = 50), combined with a sample of recent suicide notes from a suicide website (N = 50). The present study proposes a model of differentiation in completed suicides. The characteristics of the suicide notes were analysed using a content dictionary developed by Giles in 2007, and the data subjected to smallest space analysis. Four themes of suicide completer were discovered: Egoistic Victim, Anomic Hero, Altruistic Professional and Fatalistic Revenger. The implications of these findings and the potential use in therapy work with suicide survivors and those with suicidal ideation are discussed, as well as suggestions for the direction of future research. 相似文献
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The prevention of harm to battered mothers and children during custody and divorce litigation requires a trauma‐informed judicial approach. The existence of competing definitions of domestic violence, gender‐biased theories of parental alienation, and requirements that battered mothers co‐parent have undermined legislation intended to protect victims of domestic violence and their children. An informed judicial response to domestic violence requires mental health professionals who are able to identify the multiple patterns of abuse including physical, emotional, economic, and sexual coercively controlling behaviors, as well as the risks of post‐separation violence. The family courts' lack of transparency and limited public access has further contributed to its reliance on empirically weak gender‐biased parental alienation theories. Mental health professionals who provide interdisciplinary support to these courts must have graduate clinical education in domestic violence, child maltreatment, development, and trauma. Additional systemic changes should include neutral court watch observers to promote accountability and transparency, as well as appropriate services, to these vulnerable families. 相似文献
55.
Timothy W. Smith Carlene Deits‐Lebehn Paula G. Williams Brian R. W. Baucom Bert N. Uchino 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2020,14(3)
Theory and research on self‐regulation, emotional adjustment, and interpersonal processes focus increasingly on parasympathetic functioning, using measures of vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) or respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). This review describes models of vmHRV in these areas, and issues in measurement and analysis. We propose a framework organizing theory and research as examining (a) vmHRV as an individual difference or a situational response, and (b) resting, reactive, or recovery levels. Evidence supports interpretation of individual differences in resting vmHRV as a broad biomarker for adaptive functioning, but its specificity and underlying mechanisms require elaboration. Individual differences in vagal reactivity (i.e., trait‐like differences in vmHRV decreases during challenge or stress) are less commonly studied in adults and results are mixed. Many stressors and challenges evoke temporary decreases in vmHRV, and in some research self‐regulatory effort evokes increases. In a smaller literature, positive interpersonal experiences and some restorative processes increase resting vmHRV, whereas depletion of self‐regulatory capacity through related effort decreases it. Greater attention to conceptual distinctions regarding vmHRV constructs and several methodological issues will strengthen future research. Importantly, researchers should exercise caution in equating vmHRV with specific psychosocial constructs, especially in the absence of converging assessments and precise experimental manipulations. 相似文献
56.
Kui Wang Yan‐li Zhao Shu‐ping Tan Jin‐guo Zhang Dong Li Jing‐xu Chen Li‐gang Zhang Xin‐yang Yu Dan Zhao Eric F. C. Cheung Bruce I. Turetsky Ruben C. Gur Raymond C. K. Chan 《PsyCh Journal》2020,9(2):247-257
Impairment in semantic association has been reported in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) patients and could underlie abnormal speech patterns in both disorders. In this study, we compared the electrophysiological semantic processing features in patients with these two disorders. Participants (n = 61; BD = 19; SZ = 19; healthy controls [HCs] = 23) were administered a semantic judgment task and event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Responses of the two patient groups were significantly slower than HCs, but comparable behavioral semantic priming effects were observed in both patient groups. The N400 priming effect was observed in all groups, with a delayed peak in the two patient groups. The N400 effect was enhanced for both BD and SZ patients over the left frontal and frontal pole region, but SZ patients showed additional reduction of N400 over the right posterior and occipital regions. The N400 mean amplitudes for related targets correlated with less severe negative symptoms in patients with SZ. Discriminant functional analysis using reaction time and N400 measures successfully classified 82% of the participants into their respective clinical groups. These results suggest that patients with BD and SZ have both overlapping and distinctive semantic processing dysfunction. These findings are consistent with the continuum conceptualization of these disorders, but also offer some support for the traditional Kraepelinian dichotomy. 相似文献
57.
Clara Gonzlez‐Sanguino Manuel Muoz Teresa Orihuela‐Villameriel Eloísa Prez‐Santos 《PsyCh Journal》2020,9(3):420-422
An Implicit Association Test was developed to assess the mental illness stigma in people from the general population, mental health professionals, people with a diagnosis, and family members. No differences were found between groups. Implicit stigma was found throughout the sample, with lower scores in the younger age group. 相似文献
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The present study aimed to examine the effect of incentive salience on the motivational behavior and pleasure experience of 35 healthy participants during reward pursuits. The findings suggest that high incentive salience promotes motivation in effort‐expenditure decision‐making, effort exertion, and pleasure experience. 相似文献
59.
Using qualitative methodology, the authors explored the experiences of 8 clients who received a 5‐minute mindfulness meditation (MM) as implemented by 6 counseling students during a counseling session. Themes that emerged included (a) variations in individual experiences; (b) mental, physical, and emotional components of the experience; (c) perceptions of MM; (d) preferences for MM; and (e) implications for continued practice of MM. 相似文献
60.
This study investigated issues related to commonly used socioeconomic status (SES) measures in 140 participants from three cities (Atlanta, Boston, and Toronto) in two countries (United States and Canada). Measures of SES were two from the United States (four-factor Hollingshead scale, Nakao and Treas scale) and one from Canada (Blishen, Carroll, and Moore scale). Reliability was examined both within (interrater agreement) and across (intermeasure agreement) measures. Interrater reliability and classification agreement was high for the total sample (ranger = .86 to .91), as were intermeasure correlations and classification agreement (range r = .81 to .88). The weakest agreement across measures was found when families had one wage earner who was female. Validity data for these SES measures with academic and intellectual measures also were obtained. Some support for a simplified approach to measuring SES was found. Implications of these findings for the use of SES in social and behavioral science research are discussed. 相似文献