Thirty-two female participants in a mobilising labour market programme offering temporary, alternative employment in Sweden
were followed longitudinally for one year, including a six month post participation follow-up period. It can be hypothesised
that an important aspect of the physiological effects of unemployment is a change in the balance between anabolic and catabolic
activities in the body and that re-employment should lead to a shift towards anabolism. An earlier study of a smaller subset
of the data, however, including both men and women, showed increased prolactin and decreased dehydroepiadrosterone sulphate
(DHEA-s) levels, contrary to the initial hypothesis. In the present analysis, intended to elucidate these results, psychophysiological
data were summarised in two indices, one connected with anabolism (made up of testosterone and DHEA-s) and one with catabolism
(prolactin, γ-glutamyl transferase, aspartate amino transferase, α levuline amino transferase, and body mass index). In addition,
self-rated anxiety, depression, hopelessness and personal control were analysed. The results indicate that the effect of ‘better’
activities within the programme was a temporary increase in anabolism, possibly indicating lower stress levels, and the effect
of ‘worse’ activities, on the one hand, a temporary decrease in the catabolic index, probably reflecting repressed alcohol
consumption, and, on the other hand, impaired anabolism. There was also a general but transient decrease in depressiveness
measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results seem to imply that it is difficult to achieve lasting effects
through a relatively short participation in a mobilising programme. 相似文献
Group discussion significantly improves performance on intellective problems. However, most experiments have been conducted in Western cultures. Cross‐cultural psychology suggests that members of Eastern cultures might be less likely to benefit from group discussion. One experiment in Japan suggested that this was not the case, but this experiment suffered from some limitations. To address these limitations, Japanese participants were asked to solve an intellective task four times: individually (pre‐test), in small discussion groups (test), individually again (transfer task, post‐test), and individually after a delay (delayed post‐test). The results revealed a robust improvement during group discussion. Groups in which at least one member had found the correct answer individually agreed on it during the discussion. Moreover, and in contrast with results obtained in Western cultures, most groups with no such member also found the correct answer. The gains obtained during discussion were maintained in the transfer tasks. This result provides further evidence that the improvement of reasoning performance in group discussion is a universal phenomenon, and provides support for the practice of collaborative learning in Japan. 相似文献
Familial processes are gaining an increased amount of attention in cognitive behavioural therapy. Their role in initiating, maintaining, and exacerbating distress in children and adolescents has clear clinical implications. Therefore, including parents in their children’s therapy sessions as coaches, collaborators, and co-patients is becoming commonplace in CBT approaches to internalizing disorders such as anxiety. This article describes a case of a 13?year old female who presented with features of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Separation Anxiety whose course of treatment involved her mother as a coach, collaborator and co-patient. A case formulation is offered and the specific examples of CBT practices used in each session are detailed. Ways of evaluating treatment outcome are also discussed. 相似文献
Existing psychological research has long considered humor as a useful strategy for individuals in coping with adverse circumstances and life stressors. However, empirical studies are called for to better understand the role of humor in facing the COVID-19 pandemic. In a community sample of 527 Spanish adults, we investigated the associations between humor styles, perceived threat from COVID-19, funniness of COVID-19 memes, and individuals’ affective mood. Data were collected during the third week of lockdown in Spain (from 26 to 31 March 2020). Our results suggest that intrapsychic humor styles were associated with better coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural equation modelling showed that self-enhancing and aggressive humor styles were related to perceiving COVID-19 as less psychologically threatening, which, in turn, was associated with a greater perceived funniness of COVID-19 memes, thus predicting higher levels of happiness. Interestingly, the opposite pattern of connections was found for self-defeating humor. These findings suggest that humor styles aimed at boosting one’s own self, irrespective of their potentially lighter or darker nature, may contribute to alleviating adverse psychological consequences arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Earlier studies have shown that feelings of guilt appear to be involved in the burnout process. However, the exact nature of the relationship between burnout, feelings of guilt, and tobacco and alcohol use is unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of feelings of guilt in the relationship between burnout and the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Role conflict, Role clarity, and Feedback were included as predictors of burnout. The sample of this cross‐sectional study consisted of 260 Chilean administration and customer service workers. Hypotheses were tested using a path model. The hypothesized model (i.e., Indolence to guilt to tobacco/alcohol use) showed an adequate data fit, including a mediator role of feelings of guilt in the relationship between burnout and alcohol use. The results of this study recommending taking into consideration the evaluation of feelings of guilt as a symptom of burnout in order to develop a more reliable diagnosis of burnout syndrome and its consequences. 相似文献