Ambulant oder stationär?

A central issue in psychosomatic-psychotherapeutic consultations is whether to recommend outpatient or inpatient psychotherapy. In a prospective field study at a psychosomatic outpatient unit sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared for patients for whom outpatient treatment (N = 129) or inpatient treatment (N = 112) had been recommended. The assessments of the therapeutic alliance were made by the referring therapist and the therapist who conducted the therapy. The main findings were: The decision about what type of treatment to recommend was based mainly on the type and severity of the disorder, including the patient's functional level and personality structure. There was no difference between the patient groups in how the referring therapists assessed the initial therapeutic alliance, but there was a difference in how the treating therapists did, the relationship to the inpatients being rated significantly less favorably. The importance of the different treatment settings in interaction with the severity of the disorder is discussed. The initial therapeutic alliance in the consultation did not enable a prognosis about the therapeutic alliance during therapy.     

Measuring saccade curvature: A curve-fitting approach

Saccade curvature is becoming a popular measure for detecting the presence of competing saccadic motor programs. Several different methods of quantifying saccade curvature have been employed. In the present study, we compared these metrics with each other and with novel measures based on curve fitting. Initial deviation metrics were only moderately associated with the more widely used metric of maximum curvature. The latter was strongly related to a recently developed area-based measure and to the novel methods based on second- and third-order polynomial fits. The curve-fitting methods showed that although most saccades curved in only one direction, there was a population of trajectories with both a maximum and a minimum (i.e., double-curved saccades). We argue that a curvature metric based on a quadratic polynomial fit deals effectively with both types of trajectories and, because it is based on all the samples of a saccade, is less susceptible to sampling noise.     

Development of a self-theory and measurement scale.

In this study, we examined a theoretical model of self-development and a scale to measure 12 aspects of the self. The theory, called developmental self-theory, proposes a hierarchical arrangement of dimensions of the self. The 12 scales are collectively called the Omnibus Self-Test and measure Self-Esteem, Positive Self-Regard, Moral Self-Concept, Self-Confidence, Self-Reliance, Self-Control, Selfishness, Self-Disclosure, Self-as-Agent, Self-Critical, Self-Identity, and Self-Reflection. Preliminary data on the reliability and validity of the Omnibus Self-Test is reported along with intercorrelations among the scales.     

Tatsachen und Theorien der Formbildung als Weg zum Lebensproblem

Ohne Zusammenfassung Die folgende Abhandlung ist die bedeutend erweiterte Ausarbeitung eines Vortrages, welcher am 9. Januar 1929 in einer Allgemeinen Versammlung der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, am 15. Oktober 1929 vor der Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie in Berlin und am 30. Oktober 1929 in der Kantgesellschaft Karlsruhe gehalten wurde. Bei der Ausarbeitung wurde vor allem Bedacht genommen, Tatsachen und Theorien, die sich bereits in des Verf.s „Kritischer Theorie der Formbildung” (Schaxels Abh. z. th. B. 27, Berlin 1928) dargestellt finden, nur kurz zu behandeln, andererseits aber das genannte Werk hier durch die Verarbeitung der dort noch nicht behandelten Ergebnisse zu erg?nzen. Auch in die Literaturangabe wurden im allgemeinen nur an jenem Orte nicht angegebene Werke aufgenommen. Auf das erw?hnte Buch, das eine umfassende, kritische Darstellung der Theorien der Formbildung zum Ziele hat, sei hier ein für allemal hingewiesen.     

Theorising from the Global Standpoint: Kant and Grotius on Original Common Possession of the Earth

The paper contrasts Kant's conception of original common possession of the earth with Hugo Grotius's superficially similar notion. The aim is not only to elucidate how much Kant departs from his natural law predecessors—given that Grotius's needs‐based framework very much lines in with contemporary theorists’ tendency to reduce issues of global concern to questions of how to divide the world up, it also seeks to advocate Kant's global thinking as an alternative for current debates. Crucially, it is Kant's radical shift in perspective—from an Archimedean ’view from nowhere‘, to a first‐personal standpoint through which agents reflexively recognise their systematic interdependence in a world of limited space—that provides him with the more thorough and ultimately convincing global standpoint. This standpoint does not come with ready‐made solutions to shared global problems, but provides a promising perspective from which to theorise them.