丘处机与全真道在燕京的发展

全真道何时传入燕京①,已无确切资料可考,但全真道著名人物至燕京活动,始于金世宗召见七真之一的王处一。大定二十七年(1187年),七真中最以神异著称的王处一奉诏赴京,世宗亲问以养生之道,并命居天长观②。次年二月,七真之一的丘处机也奉诏赴京③。王处一和丘处机先后被召至燕京     

Sense of community improves community participation in Chinese residential communities: The mediating role of sense of community responsibility and prosocial tendencies

Community participation is essential for community development and enhancing quality of life. Several studies have focused on the relationship between sense of community (SOC) and community participation in organizational settings. Guided by the community experiences framework, this study aims to examine how a SOC improves community participation in Chinese residential communities. Moreover, the study aims to assess the mediating role of SOC responsibility (SOC-R) and prosocial tendencies in that relationship. A sample of 433 residents completed questionnaires regarding their SOC, sense of community responsibility, prosocial tendencies, and community participation. Using a linear regression model, we found that a SOC can positively predict the level of community participation. Mediation effect analysis revealed that a SOC-R mediated the relationship between SOC and community participation. In addition, prosocial tendencies mediated the association between the SOC and community participation. Using multiple mediation analysis, we found that SOC-R and prosocial tendencies mediated the link between a SOC and community participation in a sequential manner. The findings of this study complement existing research by uncovering the mechanism underlying the relationship between a SOC and community participation.     

十斋日补说

对十斋日的来源及地藏菩萨十斋日,法国学者苏远鸣与中国学者张总、王承文等已进行了卓有成效的研究,但他们于佛教对十斋日的具体接受过程还缺乏深入的考察。本文就此提出补说。认为:佛教徒对十斋日的态度经过了由拒斥到吸收的过程;在统治者推行十斋日,以及民众修习实践的压力下,十斋日在盛唐、至少是中唐时期已进入佛教经典,至少在中唐时期已被信奉者归之于佛教;佛教徒对十斋日的改造使其反而取代了道教十斋日,在民众信仰生活中占据了主导地位;而目前将敦煌遗书中的十斋日统称为《地藏菩萨十斋日》是不恰当的,后者乃《地藏菩萨本愿经》吸收十斋日所产生的结果,而它的称谓,似也应以写本中用得较多的《地藏菩萨经十斋日》为准。     

龚道长慷慨解囊资助后学

应韩国国际仙道交流振兴院的邀请,中国道教协会张继禹副会长等2人于10月7日至12日赴韩国参加了首届中韩仙道文化交流学术研讨会。同时参加研讨会的中国学者还有陕西省社科院的两位道教研究专家。这是继任法融会长于去年6月率团访问韩国后,又一次高规格的中韩道教文化交流活动。     

时间信息加工与信息加工时间特性双视角下的重要时间参数及其证据

时间既是人类信息加工的对象, 也是(非时间)信息加工的制约因素。数十毫秒至数秒之间的时间加工与人类日常生活关联紧密, 譬如主观计时、演奏及言语等活动。根据以往文献分析可知, 在该时间区域内, 20~ 60 ms、1/3~1 s、2~3 s是研究者关注的重要时间参数, 但是支持这些参数的证据尚存分歧。首先从“时间信息加工”和“信息加工的时间特性”的视角介绍时间参数的基本观点及其提出背景, 然后基于“时间信息加工”视角从行为学研究、脑损伤研究、神经药理学研究, 脑电研究、脑成像研究、经颅磁刺激研究、经颅直流电刺激研究等领域介评了1/3~1 s和2~3 s分界区域的证据, 接着基于“信息加工的时间特性”视角从时序知觉阈限研究、感觉运动同步研究、主观节奏研究、言语行为研究、知觉逆转研究、返回抑制研究及失匹配负波研究等领域介评了20~60 ms和2~3 s时间窗口的证据。未来研究既要注意构建基于分界区域与时间窗口的更强解释力的理论假说, 也要厘清分界区域与时间窗口的联系与区别。     

Contributions of striatal subregions to place and response learning

The involvement of different subregions of the striatum in place and response learning was examined using a T-maze. Rats were given NMDA lesions of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), anterior dorsomedial striatum (ADMS), posterior dorsomedial striatum (PDMS), or sham surgery. They were then trained to retrieve food from the west arm of the maze, starting from the south arm, by turning left at the choice point. After 7 d of training, with four trials a day, a probe test was given in which the starting arm is inserted as the north arm, at the opposite side of the maze. A left turn would indicate a "response" strategy; a right turn, a "place" strategy. The rats were then trained for 7 more days, followed by a second probe test. Unlike rats in the other groups, most of the rats in the PDMS group turned left, using the response strategy on both probe tests. These results suggest that the PDMS plays a role in spatially guided behavior.     

Dispositional and situational goal orientations as discriminators among recreational and competitive league athletes.

The present study examined the relationship between individual goal orientation, motivational team climate, perceived sport competence, and league structure among 216 youth soccer players. It was predicted that competitive league teams would report higher ego-involvement and performance-oriented team climate and lower sport competence than recreational teams. Discriminant analyses indicated that only the mastery-oriented team climate variable differentiated competitive and recreational teams. Athletes who participated in recreational teams reported a greater degree of mastery-oriented climate than competitive league players. The results suggest that athletes' perceptions of situational rather than dispositional aspects of achievement goals are more highly affected by the playing structure present in youth sport teams. The possible psychological benefits derived from the development of a mastery-oriented team climate in sports are discussed.     

Nest box entrance hole size can influence nest site selection and nest defence behaviour in Japanese tits

Animal Cognition - Birds have the ability to assess the risk of predation in their environment and adjust their antipredation strategies based on this risk information. However, whether nest site...     

学科教学策略对高中生学习适应性的影响

采用自然教育实验法,探讨学科教学策略对学生学习适应性的影响。结果表明：(1)学科教学策略的运用,有效地提高了优秀生和普通生的学习适应性的整体水平;(2)学科教学策略对学生的学习态度、身心健康水平的提高具有积极作用,其中学习独立性、学习计划性、身心健康水平的提高最为明显;(3)学习适应性的提高有助于提高学生的学科学业成绩。