Impaired Memory Retention and Decreased Long-Term Potentiation in Integrin-Associated Protein-Deficient Mice

Previously, we have demonstrated that integrin-associated protein (IAP) mRNA level is approximately fourfold higher in rats showing good retention performance (600 sec) than rats showing poor retention performance (<80 sec) in an inhibitory avoidance learning paradigm. In the present study, we have used the gene-targeted IAP-deficient mice to further investigate the role of IAP involved in memory formation and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in vivo. Results revealed that there was a significant impairment in memory retention and a significant reduction in the magnitude of LTP in IAP-deficient mice when compared with the wild-type and heterozygote mice, whereas the wild-type and heterozygote animals did not show marked differences on these measures. Furthermore, the impairment in retention performance of IAP-deficient mice was not due to different sensitivities of these animals to the electric shock. When we examined locomotor activity and rotarod treadmill performance, no differences were observed among these three groups of animals either. Western blot analysis confirmed the lack of IAP protein in IAP-deficient mice, whereas IAP expression was similar in both the wild-type and heterozygote controls. These results together demonstrate that IAP plays an important role in the process of memory formation and synaptic plasticity in mice.     

中国成人推理月份时间的加工模型

以两个实验对中国成年人推理月份时间的加工模型进行了探索。在实验一中未发现词表模型的距隔效应和方向效应。实验二的结果表明有越界效应,被试解决月份时间顺序作业与解决数字顺序任务在操作特征上有很大的相似性。本研究的结果表明,数字模型能较好地解释中国成年人推理月份时间的认知加工,而Friedman 提出的表象一词表模型则难以作出合理的解释。     

Total surface of temporoparietal intrasylvian cortex: diverging left-right asymmetries

Measurements of the total convoluted surface area of cortex buried in the temporoparietal transition of the Sylvian fissure were performed using "three-dimensional" magnetic resonance morphometry in 10 randomly selected human cadaver brains. The measurements comprised the planum temporale, which covers the superior temporal gyrus posterior to Heschl's first transverse gyrus, and the caudally adjacent walls of the descending and ascending rami of the Sylvian fissure. Also, the total convoluted surface of the planum temporale was compared with its superficially exposed surface as determined by photographical planimetry after brain section, so that the index of cortical folding of the planum temporale could be estimated. The following results were obtained: Cortical folding of the planum temporale did not differ significantly between left and right hemispheres (p greater than .6). The total and the superficially exposed surface of the planum temporale showed significant leftward asymmetry (p less than or equal to .0078). In contrast, the total surface of cortex buried in the caudal segments of the Sylvian fissure posterior to the planum exhibited significant rightward asymmetry (p less than or equal to .016). The combined cortical surface area buried in the whole posterior Sylvian fissure caudal to the first transverse gyrus did not show significant left-right asymmetry (p greater than 0.3). The data suggest divergent lateral asymmetries in the posterior intrasylvian region with excesses of superior temporal cortex in left hemispheres and of supramarginal cortex in right hemispheres.     

汉字独体字识别中的框架结构效应

本研究用两个实验证明了汉字独体字识别中存在框架结构效应。所谓框架结构就是构成一个字基本框架的笔画。实验一发现框架结构具有明显的启动效应。实验二发现独体字的识别从笔画开始,提取框架结构是独体字识别过程中的必经阶段,两个实验均未发现字频效应。     

Time-based prospective memory has plasticity in behavior under different monitoring conditions

Current Psychology - The practice effect of prospective memory is the phenomenon that the performance of prospective memory can improve through behavior training. There is indirect evidence from...     

人类学视阈中的昆仑山和建木——都广之野

昆仑山和建木——都广之野皆是远古先民崇拜的神圣宇宙空间——天地之中所在地。前人研究成果认为昆仑山和建木——都广之野是一地,并认为是古蜀族以岷山为原型神化而成,其地在西南成都平原。论文认为神话世界将昆仑山和建木——都广之野视为天地之中的观念,渊源于古人对宇宙结构即天地运行的物理形态的感知与思索。《周易》的固化形态表现为八卦图,先天八卦图方位对应于南方的建木——都广之野;后天八卦图方位对应于西北的昆仑山。以先天八卦图和后天八卦图出现的次序来看,远古先民最早产生对南方建木——都广之野的崇拜。     

从明末四大高僧看永明延寿对晚明佛教的深刻影响

本文以明末四大高僧云栖莲池、憨山德清、紫柏真可、灵峰蕅益著述中反映永明延寿思想影响的文字资料为主要依据,辅以他人的有关评论为佐证,说明永明延寿的思想与行持对晚明佛教复兴基本走向所产生的深刻影响,由此管窥永明延寿思想对中国佛教入宋以后诸宗融合、导归净土的新格局形成与演进的巨大而深远的影响。     

华严风光

奈良大佛日本奈良的东大寺是南都七大寺之一 ,它是日本华严宗的总本山。奈良时期是总国分寺。这座寺院是受圣武天皇的敕愿 ,作为镇护国家的道场创建的。东大寺的大佛也称奈良大佛 ,是一件国宝级的文物。这尊大佛在大佛殿创建后两度被烧毁。特别是1 1 80年源平之乱中 ,大佛殿全毁 ,大佛头部被烧落 ,身体部分半溶化。东大寺老僧重源费尽千辛万苦 ,将寺院修复。三百八十七年后的 1 576年 ,在足利末期的战乱中 ,大佛殿又被焚烧 ,大佛遭到毁灭性的损坏。大佛长期裸露在庭院里。江户时期 (1 60 3— 1 867)的公庆法师与大佛朝夕相处 ,立志修复大佛…     

原因调节与反应调节的情绪变化过程

采用生理心理实验法研究忽视、抑制、重视、宣泄等方式调节负情绪的情绪变化过程,发现忽视有效减弱了主观感受和表情行为,并引起R-R问期更大的增加;抑制不能减弱主观感受,并引起手指脉搏血容振幅更大的增幅;重视增强了主观感受;宣泄增强了主观感受,并相对地减弱了生理激活水平。研究表明原因调节可以更有效地调整负情绪主观感受,反应调节使负情绪成分变化出现“水压模型”式循环动力特点;情绪调节过程实现着情绪在心理适应中的促进(或阻碍)作用。     

论儒家的自强人格及其培养

从心理学角度看,儒学主要体现了一种自强的人格心理学思想。仁爱人格、弘毅人格和革新人格是儒家自强人格的主要内容,其终极目标则是养成健全人格。儒家的自强人格既具有个人取向,也具有社会取向。它以个人取向为基础和出发点,以社会取向为最终目标,从个人取向逐渐扩展至社会取向。实践学习、克服偏私、正确处理理情关系和人际关系是培养儒家自强人格的4个主要途径