人格维度与注意分配的关系及其选拔意义

本研究以210名男性大学生为被试,EPQ确定人格维度,微机测量注意分配,运用正交设计实验与区组实验相结合的方法综合论述了人格维度与注意分配的关系发现:E、E×N、P×E对注意分配有显著影响,N有一定影响,P和P×N的影响不显著。各影响因素的重要性顺序:E×N→P×E/E→N→P→P×N/误差,绘制了单项人格维度与注意分配关系简图。确定了三种人格维度的最佳组合型(注意分配可望最优):P1N2E1,次佳组合型:P3N2E1,最差组合型:P2N3E1,各型注意分配均值分别为0.702、0.680、0.309,本文探讨了实验结果的选拔意义,认为可从个体EPQ的结果来估测其注意分配能力,这在职业心理选拔中有重要应用价值。     

中国成人推理月份时间的加工模型

以两个实验对中国成年人推理月份时间的加工模型进行了探索。在实验一中未发现词表模型的距隔效应和方向效应。实验二的结果表明有越界效应,被试解决月份时间顺序作业与解决数字顺序任务在操作特征上有很大的相似性。本研究的结果表明,数字模型能较好地解释中国成年人推理月份时间的认知加工,而Friedman 提出的表象一词表模型则难以作出合理的解释。     

时序信息提取特点的实验研究

时距区分性理论认为提取时序信息是在包含一定项目的检索系中检索抽样的过程,通道因素应当对正确率和速度都产生影响.本文分别以英文字母和汉字为材料,对时序信息的提取特点作了两个实验研究.结果表明,只有材料的呈现顺序对时序信息提取的正确率和速度都有影响,通道因素只影响提取的正确率,而速度则未受其影响。显然,用时距区分性理论来说明时序信息提取特点是缺乏足够证据的.本文提出,对时序信息提取机制尚值得进一步研究.     

Total surface of temporoparietal intrasylvian cortex: diverging left-right asymmetries

Measurements of the total convoluted surface area of cortex buried in the temporoparietal transition of the Sylvian fissure were performed using "three-dimensional" magnetic resonance morphometry in 10 randomly selected human cadaver brains. The measurements comprised the planum temporale, which covers the superior temporal gyrus posterior to Heschl's first transverse gyrus, and the caudally adjacent walls of the descending and ascending rami of the Sylvian fissure. Also, the total convoluted surface of the planum temporale was compared with its superficially exposed surface as determined by photographical planimetry after brain section, so that the index of cortical folding of the planum temporale could be estimated. The following results were obtained: Cortical folding of the planum temporale did not differ significantly between left and right hemispheres (p greater than .6). The total and the superficially exposed surface of the planum temporale showed significant leftward asymmetry (p less than or equal to .0078). In contrast, the total surface of cortex buried in the caudal segments of the Sylvian fissure posterior to the planum exhibited significant rightward asymmetry (p less than or equal to .016). The combined cortical surface area buried in the whole posterior Sylvian fissure caudal to the first transverse gyrus did not show significant left-right asymmetry (p greater than 0.3). The data suggest divergent lateral asymmetries in the posterior intrasylvian region with excesses of superior temporal cortex in left hemispheres and of supramarginal cortex in right hemispheres.     

The relationship of participation in school activities to abilities and interests in a high school student sample

Participation in school activities is hypothesized to be related to the multiple abilities and interests of high school students. The Ball Aptitude Battery (yielding 14 ability scores), Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory, and a biographical information blank (to obtain information about participation in 53 extracurricular activities) were administered to over 900 high school seniors of both sexes. Correlational and multiple regression analyses showed different patterns of activity participation to be related to different abilities and interests. The degree of relationship was generally low, generally higher for the males than for the females, and higher for interests than for abilities. Activity correlates of abilities differed for the sexes, but activity correlates of interests tended to be similar. This suggests that the same ability can result from differential participation in activities, but the same interest develops from similar activities.     

Enhanced Hippocampal CA1 LTP but Normal Spatial Learning in Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase(A)-Deficient Mice

To define the physiological role of IP₃3-kinase(A) in vivo, we have generated a mouse strain with a null mutation of the IP₃3-kinase(A) locus by gene targeting. Homozygous mutant mice were fully viable, fertile, apparently normal, and did not show any morphological anomaly in brain sections. In the mutant brain, the IP₄ level was significantly decreased whereas the IP₃ level did not change, demonstrating a major role of IP₃3-kinase(A) in the generation of IP₄. Nevertheless, no significant difference was detected in the hippocampal neuronal cells of the wild-type and the mutant mice in the kinetics of Ca²⁺ regulation after glutamate stimulation. Electrophysiological analyses carried out in hippocampal slices showed that the mutation significantly enhanced the LTP in the hippocampal CA1 region, but had no effect on the LTP in dentate gyrus (DG). No difference was noted, however, between the mutant and the wild-type mice in the Morris water maze task. Our results indicate that IP₃3-kinase(A) may play an important role in the regulation of LTP in hippocampal CA1 region through the generation of IP₄, but the enhanced LTP in the hippocampal CA1 does not affect spatial learning and memory.     

应对的多测评维度的鉴别分析

本文对ＣＯＰＥ中文版（Ｃ－ＣＯＰＥ）的应对测评维度进行鉴别分析,７３６名大学生的测试数据的探索性因素分析结果表明,Ｃ－ＣＯＰＥ的应对维度为八个：心理资源积聚、主动控制与筹划、寻求社会支持、正面认识、情绪专注与渲泄、失助性反应、否认与心理摆脱、求助宗教。此量表结构效度良好,并且其信度也符合心理测量学要求。各应对维度测评的样本描述统计学结果反映现今大学生使用各种应对方式的程度有所不同,从群体平均水平而     

汉字独体字识别中的框架结构效应

本研究用两个实验证明了汉字独体字识别中存在框架结构效应。所谓框架结构就是构成一个字基本框架的笔画。实验一发现框架结构具有明显的启动效应。实验二发现独体字的识别从笔画开始,提取框架结构是独体字识别过程中的必经阶段,两个实验均未发现字频效应。     

青年学生自我价值感量表的编制

自我价值感是一个多维度、多层次的心理结构,按其抽象程度的不同可分为总体自我价值感、一般自我价值感和特殊自我价值感．其中一般和特殊自我价值感又可区分为社会取向和个人取向两种类型。按照此种概念性架构并对重庆市598名大学生的测试后所作的因素分析,编制了具有较高信度和效度的自我价值量表。