Psychosocial mediation of religious coping styles: a study of short-term psychological distress following cardiac surgery

Although religiousness and religious coping styles are well-documented predictors of well-being, research on the mechanisms through which religious coping styles operate is sparse. This prospective study examined religious coping styles, hope, and social support as pathways of the influence of general religiousness (religious importance and involvement) on the reduced postoperative psychological distress of 309 cardiac patients. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that controlling for preoperative distress, gender, and education, religiousness contributed to positive religious coping, which in turn was associated with less distress via a path fully mediated by the secular factors of social support and hope. Furthermore, negative religious coping styles, although correlated at the bivariate level with preoperative distress but not with religiousness, were associated both directly and indirectly with greater post-operative distress via the same mediators.     

Exploring learners' self-efficacy, autonomy and motivation toward e-learning

A questionnaire survey was conducted with 116 college students (47 men, 69 women) in Central Taiwan to investigate predictive relationships among four attitudinal variables, perceived self-efficacy, learners' autonomy, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation toward e-learning. Analysis showed learners' autonomy was predictive of both intrinsic (57% independent variance explained) and extrinsic motivation (61% independent variance explained). Although perceived self-efficacy was not a predictor of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, it correlated significantly with extrinsic motivation.     

Low-frequency stimulation induces a pathway-specific late phase of LTP in the amygdala that is mediated by PKA and dependent on protein synthesis

Activity-dependent changes in synaptic efficacy are thought to be the key cellular mechanism for the formation and storage of both explicit and implicit memory. Different patterns of stimulation can elicit different changes in the efficiency on excitatory synaptic transmission. Here, we examined the synaptic changes in the amygdala of adult mice produced by low-frequency stimulation (1 Hz, 15 min, LFS). We first compared the synaptic changes induced by LFS in three different synaptic pathways of amygdala: cortical–lateral amygdala, thalamic–lateral amygdala, and lateral–basolateral amygdala pathways. We find that the plastic changes induced by LFS are different between synaptic pathways. Low-frequency stimulation selectively elicits a slow onset and protein synthesis-dependent late-phase LTP in the cortical–lateral amygdala pathway, but not in the thalamic–lateral or lateral–basolateral pathways. We next analyzed LTP induced by LFS in the cortical–lateral amygdala pathway and found that three PKA-coupling neurotransmitter receptors are involved: 5-HT4, Dopamine D1, and β-adrenergic receptors. Antagonists of these receptors block the LFS L-LTP, but the effects of agonists of these receptors are clearly different. These results indicate that the threshold for the induction of LFS L-LTP is different among these pathways and that the maintenance of LFS L-LTP requires a cross-talk among multiple neurotransmitters.     

Designing time-limited cyber promotions: effects of time limit and involvement.

This study found that a longer time limit in cyber promotions results in lower time pressure perceptions by consumers and a greater rate of consumers choosing higher-priced items. Furthermore, products with which consumers are more involved entail higher time pressure, lower consumer satisfaction, and a lower share of consumers using the promotion for that product.     

构建和谐社会呼唤中国化人格与社会心理学研究

构建和谐社会提出了许多亟待解决的人格与社会心理学问题,这就要求我们进行中国化研究。中国化心理学研究是指在研究中国人的心理和行为时不盲目套用其他国家（特别是西方）的现成概念、方法和理论,而是脚踏实地地考察我国人民的社会、文化、历史和其它相关背景,创造性地进行概念分析、方法设计和理论构建,从而得出符合客观实际的结论。     

中国文化中自信人格的内涵和功能

自信人格研究的旨趣是通过概念建构和实证研究,实现对自信心理状态与行为模式的刻画与理解。本文综述了最近国内人格心理学在语用、公众观层面对自信的关注,自信研究在人格心理学中的地位,自信在自我中的地位,并进一步归纳了自信人格的界定。文章还讨论了当前研究中所关注的自信的自我调控和心理健康功能。最后,针对当前自信人格结构研究和功能研究中的挑战,提出以自信结构探讨和机制整合来深入推进自信人格的研究     

中学生自我导向学习倾向性量表的结构和效度

本研究的目的是修订中学生自我导向学习倾向性量表,探讨它的结构和效度。研究参考台湾修订版对Guglielmino量表进行翻译,构成量表;结合内外控量表、学业成就归因量表和学业自我效能感量表,有效测试了1000名中学生,采用信度分析、因素分析和外部效标分析等方法考察量表的结构和效度。结果发现6个因子结构最优,α分别为0.861,0.791,0.809,0.630,0.888,0.781,各个条目的因子负荷介于0.30-0.69。6因子结构模型的各项拟合指标都在0.90以上,6因子与各个效标的相关为大多达到了显著性水平。研究的结论是修订的中学生自我导向学习倾向量表具有良好的6因子结构和信效度。     

父母-儿童共同活动中的互动与儿童的数学学习

本研究运用结构性观察方法对两组4岁儿童与父母在四种活动中的互动进行了分析与比较。一组儿童为书面数符号测查高分者,二组儿童为书面数符号测查低分者。85对父母一儿童对子参加了4个各有15分钟的共同活动,阅读、数学题、纸和积木,并完成一个微型问卷。结果表明,在这些活动中包含了多种数学知识学习和多种以父母为主导的互动策略;两组对子之间在数学事件频次上无差异,但一组父母更多地运用了一些积极策略,二组父母更多地运用了一些消极策略;二组中有更多儿童对互动表现出消极回应和注意力问题。两个组的父母在家中与儿童一起进行诸如阅读和做数学题的共同活动的频次与质量上表现出差异。     

中国大学生网络成瘾倾向问卷的初步研究

网络成瘾是一种对互联网络的心理依赖,包括网络关系成瘾、网络娱乐成瘾、信息搜集成瘾三种类型。被试为中国重庆三所高校的大学生675人。对其中随机抽取的390份数据进行探索性因素分析,得出初步的因素结构为：网络关系成瘾倾向包括了问题、依附、认知偏差和失控四种倾向;网络娱乐成瘾倾向和信息搜集成瘾倾向包括问题、依附和失控倾向。得到较好的问卷内部一致性系数、分半信度、内容效度和结构效度。对余下285份数据进行验证性因素分析,得到较好的模型拟合指数。相关关系检验发现三类网络成瘾倾向与使用频率都有显著相关．与使用时间都无显著相关。T检验发现女生在网络关系成瘾倾向的依附倾向得分显著高于男生,男生在网络娱乐成瘾倾向和信息搜集成瘾倾向的问题倾向得分显著高于女生。