青少年身体自我的发展特点和性别差异研究

对1699名青少年学生用自编具有较好信度和效度指标的身体自我量表进行测试。结果表明：青少年学生对身体的满意度从“最满意”到“最不满意”依次是负面特征、相貌特征、性特征、运动特征和身材特征,随年龄的增长其发展呈现波动性,青春期早期和中期呈明显下降趋势,青春期后期有缓慢上升;身体自我在相貌特护、身材特征、性特征、负面特征方面都存在显著的性别差异,男生比女生对身体更满意;城市学生比农村学生对自己的身体更满意。     

未来时间洞察力的目标作用

未来时间洞察力是个体对未来时间的认知、体验和行动（或行动倾向）的一种人格特质,其目标不仅架起了现在与未来的桥梁,也影响个体的认知与行为,并且不同目标还具有不同的动力作用。但个体如何建构未来目标、确立优势目标等,需做进一步研究。     

显性自恋与隐性自恋:自恋人格的心理学探析

自恋是一种形式多样化的综合性人格构造,它具有两种不同的形式,即显性自恋和隐性自恋。本研究在文献综述、开放式问卷调查和个别访谈的基础上,编制了自恋人格问卷。经对大学生被试进行测查,结果表明：（1）自编的自恋人格问卷具有较好的信度和效度。（2）因素分析得出显性自恋的四个维度是：权欲、优越感、特权感和自我钦羡;隐性自恋的三个维度是：易感质、特权感和自我钦羡。（3）显性自恋和隐性自恋与心理健康有着不同的关联：前者与心理异常症状不存在显著相关,而后者存在显著正相关。     

孔子的政治伦理思想及其现实意义——兼论其在祖国和平统一的作用

孔子“为政以德”的政治伦理思想以“仁”为基础,以“利民”为价值导向,以实现社会“大同”为理想目标。为此,他要求治国者自身不断加强道德修养,坚持人道主义的伦理原则,选贤任能,反对战争,维护和平。坚持和发扬孔子的政治伦理思想,对于实现海峡两岸的和平统一具有重要现实意义。     

道家、道教与道学

中国传统文化的主干向称儒、释、道三家(或称三教).自汉魏以来,史家多以"道家"一名混称老、庄之道家与张陵之道教.而"道学"一名既可指称"黄老之学",又为"宋明理学"之代名词.近世以来,学术界引入西学的概念,严格区分"哲学"(Philosophy)的道家与宗教(Reli-gion)的道教.而另外又有以"道学"之名涵盖"道家之学"者.而自19世纪以来,西方汉学界又以英文之Taoism或法文之taoisme统称中国的"道家"与"道教".于是,"道家"、"道教"与"道学"名称的内涵界定与使用范围遂成为学术界多年以来致力探讨的重要问题.本文拟从宗教文化与历史学的角度,通过考察道家思想衍变发展的五个历史阶段,即先秦老子之学与庄子之学,秦汉黄老之学,魏晋玄学,隋唐道教重玄学与宋元道教内丹心性学,来探索"道家"、"道教"与"道学"的内在联系与区别.笔者主张,"道家"一词可作两种不同的理解:一种是狭义的"道家"概念,就是确指自先秦老、庄之学,秦汉黄老之学至魏晋玄学的道家学术流派;另一种是广义的"道家"概念,就是既包括原来先秦自魏晋的"道家"学术流派,也包括东汉以后创立的中国本土宗教"道教".这样,既对现代学科意义上的哲学的"道家"与宗教的"道教"作出了明确的区分,更为重要的是表明了我们尊重自身文化传统的学术立场.至于"道学"的名称,笔者认为无论从历史的层面还是现实的层面都易于与原有的文化现象"理学"发生混淆,为学术长远计虑,使用似宜慎之.     

对未来思考的思考

未来思考是前瞻性思考,旨在解决人生发展任务。人类的未来思考有多种类型。从是否具有现实性上来看,可以把未来思考分为两种主要形式：期望和幻想。幻想抑制动机和行为,但是,如果对幻想和不利现实因素进行心理对照,幻想就可以转变成执行性意图,这是因为心理对照过程能够产生美好未来和当前现实的同时通达。我们还探讨了习惯于不同自我监控思维模式的人对待时间、失败的人格差异,并提出了进一步的研究方向。     

优秀护士"Y-G人格测验"特异性指标的研究

采用“Y-G人格测验”问卷及自制职业自评、他评调查表,分析比较了优秀护士与一般护士的人格特质、性格类型的差异。结果表明：优秀护士与一般护士在2种性格类型、7个人格特质上存在显著差异或差异趋势;提示从“Y-G人格测验”中提取护士人格特异性指标具有可行性;优秀护士人格特质的特异性指标可折射其性格类型、对开发护士职业心理素质研究的应用工具有一定价值。     

Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan.

Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan is associated with levels of animosity, social skills, and academic achievement. This study suggests that video game addiction can be statistically predicted on measures of hostility, and a group with high video game addiction has more hostility than others. Both gender and video game addiction are negatively associated with academic achievement. Family function, sensation seeking, gender, and boredom have statistically positive relationships with levels of social skills. Current models of video game addiction do not seem to fit the findings of this study.     

'The double identity' of Taiwanese Chinese: A dilemma of politics and culture rooted in history

The 'double identity' of Taiwanese as both Chinese and Taiwanese identity was measured among both general and student samples using categorical and continuous measures. As predicted, Mingnan (native province) Taiwanese were higher in Taiwanese identity whereas outside-province Taiwanese were higher in Chinese identity. Both groups shared similar representations of the history of Taiwan, but evaluations of leaders followed patterns of in-group favoritism. These representations of history were used to predict and find zero correlations between Chinese and Taiwanese identity. Taiwanese and Chinese identities were mutually compatible in cultural domains, and mediated the effect of demographic group. However, in issues concerning politicized allocation decisions (and language), Taiwanese and Chinese identity worked in opposite directions, and demographic group (and a critical evaluation of an historical leader) were significant even after controlling for identity. Implications for social identity theory, realistic group conflict theory, and the cross-straits relationship are discussed.     

Effect of brand name on consumers' risk perceptions of online shopping

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between brand names and consumers' perceived risk. Hypotheses dealt with whether the presence of a product's brand name affects consumers' perceived risk towards shopping online; whether the familiarity with a brand name influences consumers' perceived risk; and whether online shoppers and non‐shoppers perceive risk towards shopping online differently. Results indicate that the presence or absence of a product's brand name affects online shoppers' perceived risk, but in the opposite direction to that expected. There was no significant difference between online shoppers' perceived risk vis‐à‐vis brand familiarity; however, online shoppers possessed lower perceived risk than non‐shoppers. Implications and limitations are discussed and recommendations for future research are provided. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications Ltd.