Liberal–conservative dimension of moral concerns underlying political faction formation in Taiwan

Moral foundations theory provides a framework for understanding the traditional liberal–conservative dichotomy in political factions. Typically, factions on the liberal side are more concerned with individualizing foundations—including care/harm and fairness/cheating—for the protection of individual rights and welfare whereas factions on the conservative side are concerned with both individualizing and binding foundations—including loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, and sanctity/degradation—for the maintenance of existing social ethics. Our research extended this framework to the analysis of Taiwanese political factions, which are not distributed conspicuously along the liberal–conservative line but instead on whether Taiwan should become a legally independent state or unify with the People's Republic of China (Mainland China). Our results indicate that despite the scarce use of the terms liberal or left and conservative or right in common communication, a liberal–conservative dimension underlies the Taiwanese political spectrum. Specifically, supporters of Taiwan independence exhibit liberal‐like moral concerns whereas supporters of China unification and the status quo demonstrate conservative‐like moral concerns. Moreover, indirect effects exist through moral foundations from political factions to stances on social issues; this is especially prevalent in the case of Taiwan independence camp's clear support for the legalization of same‐sex marriage, a stance resulting from anti‐authoritarian moral and political characteristics.     

Effects of reinforcement schedules on rats' choice behavior in extinction.

The effects of reinforcement schedules on rats' choice behavior in extinction were studied. In a free-operant chamber equipped with two retractable bars, the experimental animals were trained to press the bars separately for a food reward. One bar delivered the reward on a continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedule, and the other delivered the reward on a partial reinforcement (PRF) schedule. Control animals earned the reward from both bars with the same reinforcement schedule, either a CRF or a PRF. When both bars were simultaneously available during extinction, the experimental animals responded more frequently to the CRF than to the PRF alternative, demonstrating a reversed within-subjects partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE). A conventional between-subjects PREE was replicated in the control subjects. The results of this study were inconsistent with both Amsel's (1962, 1967) frustration hypothesis and Capaldi's (1966, 1967) sequential hypotheses.     

过去时间的心理结构

４０８名大学生被试用秒、分、小时、日、星期、年和月７个时间单位和模糊统计试验方法对４０个不定的过去时间修饰词作经验赋值,结果显示：（１）过去时间和未来时间在心理结构上是对称的,分为三个心理时间段,即以秒和分为计时单位的“较近的过去”和“较近的未来”,以小时、日和月为计时单位的“近的过去”和“近的未来”,和以年为计时单位的“远的过去”和“远的未来”。（２）随着时间修饰词的词义离现在由近至远,其词义地     

论犹太教的契约观

本文为一篇探讨犹太教的契约观由来及影响的学术论文。首先阐明了犹太教的契约观的定义;随后,介绍、评论了犹太教的契约观的由来,包括3部分:上帝与挪亚订立的契约、上帝与亚伯拉罕订立的契约、上帝与以色列人订立的契约;接着,介绍了犹太教的契约观的两个重要影响:形成了犹太人的天赋使命感,规定了犹太人特有的生活方式;最后,以简短的结语总结了犹太教的契约观在犹太教历史上的积极作用。     

关于道教辟谷养生术的综合考察

道教辟谷养生术的产生与发展是社会局势、道教信仰、养生实践多重因素综合作用的结果;其主要类型有服药(饵)辟谷、服气辟谷、服(符)水辟谷、服石辟谷等,各有一套操作规程;拨开道教神学云雾,辟谷养生之精要在于慎重选择食材和适当节制食量。     

农村初中留守儿童心理健康问题研究

采用心理健康诊断测验和青少年心理健康素质量表对湖南省祁阳县两所农村初级中学280名学生进行整群抽样调查,结果表明:(1)留守初中生与非留守初中生在心理健康水平上存在显著差异,留守初中生出现更多的孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向和身体症状;(2)不同性别留守儿童在心理健康状态上存在显著差异,女生的心理健康水平低于男生;(3)留守初中生与非留守初中生在心理健康素质上不存在显著差异,除应对分量表外,各分量表得分都低于全国常模水平。     

大学生学校适应性简明问卷的编制与验证

该研究旨在探讨当前大学生学校适应性的结构维度并编制简明评定问卷,运用了探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的方法。结果表明,我国大学生学校适应性的结构维度包括四个方面的内容,分别是学习能力适应、人际关系适应、学校政治适应、学校文化适应。研究结果还显示,大学生学校适应性评定问卷具有良好的信度和效度指标,问卷的α系数达到0.80,探索性因素分析中总方差解释量达到62.89%,验证性因素分析的各项指标均达到理想水平。     

未来时间洞察力的目标作用

未来时间洞察力是个体对未来时间的认知、体验和行动（或行动倾向）的一种人格特质,其目标不仅架起了现在与未来的桥梁,也影响个体的认知与行为,并且不同目标还具有不同的动力作用。但个体如何建构未来目标、确立优势目标等,需做进一步研究。     

The Negative Physical Self Scale: Initial development and validation in samples of Chinese adolescents and young adults

This research presents four studies on the initial development and validation of the 48-item Negative Physical Self Scale (NPS), a multidimensional measure of body image concerns for use with Chinese samples. In Study 1 (N = 1095), exploratory factor analyses identified five dimensions underlying the NPS (General Appearance, Facial Appearance, Shortness, Fatness, Thinness). In Study 2 (N = 1057), confirmatory factor analyses replicated this factor structure. In Studies 3 and 4, the validity of all NPS dimensions except Thinness Concern was supported via their patterns of relation with both objective physical characteristics/behaviors and other self-report measures of body image and general self worth. Because Chinese adolescents and young adults expressed relatively more concerns about General Appearance, Shortness, and Facial Appearance than about Fatness, the NPS may have greater utility for assessing body image disturbances in China than existing measures that focus exclusively on general body satisfaction and body size/weight.