Understanding the Pathways from Depression to Suicidal Risk from the Perspective of the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide

Suicide is a major public health concern, especially in adolescence. Identifying risk factors for suicide is important to effectively prevent such behavior. Depression is one of the most widely examined risk factors for suicidal risk. How depression and suicidal risk are related, however, is still not clear. This study tested a model with three key constructs of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS)—perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI)—as mediators in the relationship between depression and suicidal risk among Chinese adolescents. Chinese high school students (N = 1,074; 54.2% male; M_age = 13.87 years, SD = 1.48) completed questionnaires assessing all study variables. Results suggested that perceived burdensomeness and NSSI partially mediated the relationship between depression and suicidal risk. Findings of this study emphasize the importance of the IPTS framework in understanding the possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between depression and suicidal risk, and suggest a possible avenue for suicide interventions.     

The Aesthetic Preference for Nature Sounds Depends on Sound Object Recognition

People across the world seek out beautiful sounds in nature, such as a babbling brook or a nightingale song, for positive human experiences. However, it is unclear whether this positive aesthetic response is driven by a preference for the perceptual features typical of nature sounds versus a higher‐order association of nature with beauty. To test these hypotheses, participants provided aesthetic judgments for nature and urban soundscapes that varied on ease of recognition. Results demonstrated that the aesthetic preference for nature soundscapes was eliminated for the sounds hardest to recognize, and moreover the relationship between aesthetic ratings and several measured acoustic features significantly changed as a function of recognition. In a follow‐up experiment, requiring participants to classify these difficult‐to‐identify sounds into nature or urban categories resulted in a robust preference for nature sounds and a relationship between aesthetic ratings and our measured acoustic features that was more typical of easy‐to‐identify sounds. This pattern of results was replicated with computer‐generated artificial noises, which acoustically shared properties with the nature and urban soundscapes but by definition did not come from these environments. Taken together, these results support the conclusion that the recognition of a sound as either natural or urban dynamically organizes the relationship between aesthetic preference and perceptual features and that these preferences are not inherent to the acoustic features. Implications for nature's role in cognitive and affective restoration are discussed.     

亚健康的范畴研究

世界卫生组织关于“健康”的界定与主流医学关于“疾病”的定义,是确定亚健康范畴的逻辑支点。流行学调查提供的结果是亚健康范畴研究的事实基础。心身医学的相关进展及理论模式是可资借鉴的学科模式。提出亚健康新的分类方法;中医五脏与阴(寒)、阳(热)、虚、实等也是建构亚健康理论体系的重要概念。     

我国医务工作者对器官捐献的意愿及影响因素的Meta分析

为了系统评价我国医务工作者对器官捐献的意愿及其影响因素,充分发挥医务工作者在器官捐献工作中的示范效应,本文通过检索国内外期刊数据库,收集建库至2022年3月31日公开发表的关于我国医务工作者对器官捐献的意愿及其影响因素等的研究文献。对纳入的研究数据进行 Meta分析。最终纳入文献14篇。Meta回归分析结果显示,医务工作者中约41%（95%CI=27%～55%）的人有意愿进行器官捐献。亚组分析显示：随着时间推移,医务工作者对器官捐献的意愿呈上升趋势。总体来看,我国医务工作者器官捐献意愿相对偏低,示范效应还未得到充分发挥。

     

词义通达的三种理论模型及研究简介

本文介绍了视觉词汇识别领域中 ,词义通达的三种理论模型及其各自最新的一些实验证据 ,并提出今后研究中需要注意的一些问题     

汉字识别的计算机模拟

本文总结了作者近年来在连结主义的理论框架下 ,用计算机模拟汉字识别的工作。文章分三部分。第一部分说明了计算机模拟与人工智能的关系。第二部分介绍了作者提出的两个模型 :汉字识别与命名的连结主义模型和基于语义的词汇判断的计算模型。两个模型分别成功地模拟了汉字识别中的频率效应、形声字读音中的规则效应、声旁效应、语义启动效应、语境与频率的交互作用等。第三部分讨论了模拟工作的意义、分布表征、学习算法等问题。研究表明 :认知的计算机模拟能验证人类认知实验的结果 ,对结果提出合理的解释 ,并能指导进一步的实验研究。     

论品牌资产——一种认知的观点

品牌资产是当今营销研究领域的一个重要概念。文章以大量国外相关研究成果为佐证,从人类认知的角度对品牌资产的本质、品牌资产的形成和作用机制进行了系统地分析和论述。文章指出,品牌资产就是消费者关于品牌的知识,包括品牌名字与产品类别、产品评价和关联物(有关产品的信息或线索)的记忆联想;品牌资产是在品牌名字的基础上经过营销活动和消费者产品购买、使用经验的共同作用形成的;品牌资产的价值主要体现在对产品销售的促进和品牌延伸。     

核心自我评价研究综述*

核心自我评价自提出以来,便倍受关注。纵观15年的研究历史,核心自我评价的研究已从工作领域扩展到了学校心理健康领域。本文首先回顾了核心自我评价提出的背景、概念和结构、测量方法、与大五人格的关系、核心自我评价与工作满意和工作绩效的关系机制。然后,对核心自我评价的跨文化研究和在我国的研究进展进行了综述,并提出了一些存在的问题以及今后研究的方向。     

面孔识别的认知模型与电生理学证据

近年来面孔识别的事件相关电位(ERP)研究发展迅速,该文围绕Bruce-Young的面孔识别模型,探讨模型中各认知单元的内涵、作用及相互之间的关系,揭示了面孔识别的认知过程和神经机制。另外,通过ERP研究结果,指出了Bruce-Young的面孔识别模型中的不足之处,由此提出了修正的面孔识别模型。